A directed graph is an interval digraph if to each vertex v there corresponds an ordered pair of intervals (Sv , Tv) such that u → v if and only if Su ∩ Tv 6= ∅. A tournament is an oriented complete graph. We characterize the tournaments that are interval digraphs via the existence of a large transitive subtournament and by forbidden subtournaments. A bipartite graph is an interval bigraph if t...

Interval Mapping offers an efficient method for adding per pixel height field based displacement to an arbitrary polygonal mesh in real time. The technique utilizes an interval based method in which bounds of the interval are computed in the beginning and are refined at every iteration until the intersection point is reached. The search space defined by the interval reduces and converges to the...

Let I1 and I2 be intervals of real numbers. An interval game is played in this way: player 1 secretly selects x ∈ I1 and player 2 secretly and independently selects y ∈ I2. After x and y are revealed, payoffs are given by some predetermined function with domain I1 × I2. The payoff function for a zero sum interval game is a function A : I1 × I2 → R. This is interpreted to mean that the second pl...

In this paper, an interval based approach is proposed to rigorously identify the model parameters of a parallel cable-driven robot. The studied manipulator follows a parallel architecture having 8 cables to control the 6 DOFs of its mobile platform. This robot is complex to model, mainly due to the cable behavior. To simplify it, some hypotheses on cable properties (no mass and no elasticity) a...

in this note the notion of interval-valued fuzzy b-algebras (briefly,i-v fuzzy b-algebras), the level and strong level b-subalgebra is introduced.then we state and prove some theorems which determine the relationshipbetween these notions and b-subalgebras. the images and inverse images ofi-v fuzzy b-subalgebras are defined, and how the homomorphic images andinverse images of i-v fuzzy b-subalge...

Interval constraint processing is an alternative technology designed to process sets of (generally non-linear) continuous or mixed constraints over the real numbers. It associates propagation and search techniques developed in artiicial intelligence and methods from interval analysis. Interval constraints are used in the design of the constraint solving and optimization engines of most modern c...

a study was undertaken in southern peninsular state of india, the tamil nadu state, to assess the farmers’ “willingness to pay” (wtp) for receiving annual health care services to their dairy animals. the districts of the state were categorized as “livestock developed” (ld) and “livestock under developed” (lud) based on initial base line developed. contingent valuation (cv) approach was used to ...

a study to evaluate the reproductive performance of abergelle goat was carried out at sekota district of amhara national regional state. on-farm flocks from two peasant associations were monitored for two years to collect data. data collected included identification number of doe and kid, birth / kidding date, kid birth weight, sex of kid, post partum doe weight, litter size, parity of doe. dat...