in previous editorials[1,2] we explained about available fields of inter-disciplinary researches (idrs) in iran,[2] professional, organizational, cultural obstacles, and required polices for development of idrs in iran.[1] in this editorial, i want to discuss about one of the idr fields in iran that seems to have more available conditions for marketing comparing to other interdisciplinary areas.

The 26 S proteasomal complex, which is responsible for the bulk of protein degradation within the cell, recognizes its target substrates via covalently linked polyubiquitin moieties. However, a small but growing number of proteasomal substrates are degraded without a requirement for ubiquitinylation. One such substrate is the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45), wh...

BACKGROUND Resilience is a dynamic process involving the interaction between intrapsychic and social factors of risk and protection. For resilience to be recognized there must be a significant threat to the individual, such as a traumatic event, and a good quality of adjustment. The aim of this study was to identify predisposing factors and possible mechanisms associated with resilience to trau...

UNLABELLED Swarming colonies of the bacterium Proteus mirabilis are capable of self-recognition and territorial behavior. Swarms of independent P. mirabilis isolates can recognize each other as foreign and establish a visible boundary where they meet; in contrast, genetically identical swarms merge. The ids genes, which encode self-identity proteins, are necessary but not sufficient for this te...

Host defense (antimicrobial) peptides, produced by all complex organisms, typically contain an abundance of positively charged and hydrophobic amino acid residues. A small synthetic peptide termed innate defense regulator (IDR-)1018 was derived by substantial modification of the bovine neutrophil host defense peptide bactenecin. Here, we review its intriguing properties that include anti-infect...

The recent observation that certain cationic peptides possess potent antibiofilm activity demonstrated that small peptides could be used to treat biofilm-associated infections. Other so-called innate defense regulator peptides possess potent immunomodulatory properties such as leukocyte recruitment and suppression of harmful inflammation. A peptide that directly targets biofilm cells while favo...

Control of copolymer composition and molecular weight distributions is important, since they partially govern material performance. This work uses a simple but robust approach to approximate predictive control of average composition and molecular weight during free radical copolymerization, based on detailed kinetics obtained by ACOMP (automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization re...

Ratios of effective populations size, N(e), to census population size, N, are used as a measure of genetic drift in populations. Several life-history parameters have been shown to affect these ratios, including mating system and age at sexual maturation. Using a stochastic matrix model, we examine how different levels of persistent individual differences in mating success among males may affect...

An ion mobility/mass spectrometry technique has been developed to record mass-resolved ion mobility distributions for multiple ions simultaneously. The approach involves a new instrument that couples an electrospray ion source to an injected-ion drift tube/time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Individual components in a mixture of ions are separated by mobility differences in a drift tube and subse...