Oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are the main therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver disease in Japan. Daclatasvir/asunaprevir is the first agent and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is the secondary agent for HCV genotype 1b. More recently, ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir is also recommended as a potent therapy for HCV genotype 1b. Among the adverse events associated with these oral D...

To study the mechanisms underlying the development of interstitial pneumonia in autoimmune disease, we analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in an animal model of interstitial pneumonia in which an intratracheal instillation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induced interstitial pneumonia in autoimmune-prone mice. Increases in the numbers of total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and...

The occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary lesions in laboratory rats, characterized by lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia with dense perivascular lymphoid cuffs, has been reported over the past decade. Although the term rat respiratory virus (RRV) was adopted to confer a putative viral etiology to the idiopathic pulmonary lesions, the etiology of this disease remains to be elucidated. Recent...

BACKGROUND Idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia consists of many subtypes, most associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate diagnostic procedures and treatment as well as survival in patients with idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. METHODS This study comprised 175 patients with idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia (ICD 10 code J84) that had b...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP). DESIGN Retrospective comparative study. PATIENTS We reviewed 33 patients (23 males and 10 females with a mean age of 62.5 years) with histologically-proven progressive IP who were treated with CsA. All patients had corticosteroid-resistant IP or developed acute e...

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor currently approved in Japan for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Interstitial pneumonia induced by sorafenib may have a fatal outcome, and therefore, has recently been the focus of many studies. The current report presents an autopsy case of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) that occurred in a 59-year-old male, who had been treated with so...

Supplement Aims and Scope interest. This supplement aims to address this by presenting high-quality articles that allow readers to distinguish the signal from the noise. The editor in chief hopes that through this effort, practitioners and researchers will be aided in finding answers to some of the most complex and pressing issues of our time. Articles should focus on ILD and may include the fo...

An 84-year-old man with no evidence of pre-existing interstitial pneumonia developed fatal interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure that could only be explained as an adverse effect of intravesical mitomycin C chemotherapy. He had undergone transurethral resection of bladder cancer 3 times, followed by intravesical mitomycin C chemotherapy 1 month later. He had received intravesical mitom...