The in-situ detection of interstellar dust grains in the Solar System by the dust instruments on-board the Ulysses and Galileo spacecraft as well as the recent measurements of hyperbolic radar meteors give information on the properties of the interstellar solid particle population in the solar vicinity. Especially the distribution of grain masses is indicative of growth and destruction mechanis...

[1] Using both a Monte Carlo Diffusion Model and a Leaky Box Model for propagation in the galaxy, we have determined the interstellar spectra of H, He, and heavier nuclei with emphasis on energies below 1–2 GeV nucleon . This calculation uses diffusion coefficients that are increasing at rigidities below 2–3 GVand which are based on those used to fit the interstellar electron spectrum to the ga...

Observations of polarization toward nearby stars in the upwind direction made by Tinbergen (1982) are consistent with an origin associated with interstellar dust grains entrained in interstellar magnetic fields wrapped around the heliosphere nose. The region of maximum polarization is centered around ecliptic coordinates (λ,β) = (295,0), corresponding to (l,b) = (20,–21). The direction of maxim...

Mission concepts to several hundred AU and beyond are under study at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The preliminary results of these mission studies have identified solar sails as one of the promising propulsion technologies for making these ambitious precursor and interstellar missions a reality. This paper presents solar and beamed energy sa...

Hydrogen gas is the dominant component of the local interstellar medium. However, owing to ionization and interaction with the heliosphere, direct sampling of neutral hydrogen in the inner heliosphere is more difficult than sampling the local interstellar neutral helium, which penetrates deep into the heliosphere. In this paper, we report on the first detailed analysis of the direct sampling of...

We have performed IUB observations of interstellar zinc toward 10 stars. We find that zinc is at most only slightly depleted in the interstellar medium; its abundance may serve as a tracer of the true metallicity in the gas. The f local interstellar medium has abundances that apparently are homogeneous to t within a factor of two, when integrated over paths of about 500 pc, and this result is i...

Recent observations suggest that the abundance of carbon in the interstellar medium is only ∼ 60% of its solar value, and that other heavy elements may be depleted by a similar amount. Furthermore, more than half of the interstellar carbon is observed to be in the gas in the form of C, leaving less than ∼ 40% of the solar carbon abundance available for the dust phase. These observations have cr...

Abstract The formation of molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) remains a complex and unresolved question astrochemistry. A group particular interest involves linkage between carboxyl amine group, similar to that peptide bond. detection containing these peptide-like bonds ISM can help elucidate possible mechanisms, as well indicate level molecular complexity available within certain region...

conclusions vancomycin nephrotoxicity is common but usually reversible and has readily manageable adverse effect. urine kim-1 was not more accurate than serum or urine creatinine in detecting vancomycin nephrotoxicity in our study population. results thirteen out of the 52 recruited patients (25%) developed nephrotoxicity, with a mean ± standard deviation onset of 11.46 ± 7.56 days. furosemide ...

In a laboratory study inter-Rydberg transitions originating from the lowest rotational levels of the C P v 5 5 and v 5 6 states of molecular hydrogen are found to coincide with frequency positions and widths of diffuse interstellar bands. It is the first time that diffuse interstellar bands are assigned to transitions measured in gas-phase molecules that are known to exist in interstellar space...