* Manatt/Aht Professor of International Law, George Washington University Law School, USA. This paper was presented as part of the Alexandre Kiss Memorial Conference in Budapest (EPL Vol. 39, No.1, p. 50) under the sponsorship of CEDE. Alexandre Kiss believed deeply in the interdependence of all persons and humanity’s dependence on nature and its processes. In his lifetime, and partly through h...

in order to examine the invasion of iraq from the perspective of international law, this paper will review the legal reasons for the occupation of iraq, and also, the question of research is that whether the occupation of iraq from the perspective of right to use force is justifiable or not? by analyzing the prohibition of the use force principle in international relations and its exceptions, i...

He has a background in law (LL.D.) And economics (M.Sc. Econ.), and is the Director of IES's post graduate programmes in law, economics, and political science. Prof. Kalimo (co-)manages the IES research clusters on European Economic Governance and Environment and Sustainable Development. He has practiced, researched, and taught in a wide range of areas of economic and environmental law and poli...

in the system of international law, individuals enjoy some rights and states are initially obliged to grant of these rights, especially in the field of human rights and humanitarian law. if this obligation is not fulfilled, the responsible state has to compensate the injured individuals based on special rules of treaty laws and general rules of international responsibility, including customary ...

Although the concept of soft law has existed for years, scholars have not reached consensus on why states use soft law or even whether “soft law” is a coherent analytic category. In part, this confusion reflects a deep diversity in both the types of international agreements and the strategic situations that produce them. In this paper, we advance four complementary explanations for why states u...

ABSTRACT Recently, environmental and human rights (EHR) counterclaims in investment arbitration have attracted much attention as a vehicle to recalibrate the investor–state relationship. However, until now, successful instances of EHR been admittedly rare. As explained this paper, some major barriers arbitration, concerns associated with them, are rooted domestic law basis such counterclaims. C...