OBJECTIVE To investigate eye conservation, local control, and complication rates among children with retinoblastoma treated with 2 different external beam radiotherapy (EBR) techniques. METHODS Fifty-eight eyes in 42 patients received EBR as the primary treatment modality for retinoblastoma (median follow-up, 37 months). The EBR technique was relative lens-sparing (RLS) in 26 eyes and modifie...

* Rates are per 100,000 population. † Suicides are identified with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 8th Revision codes E950–E959 for 1975–1978; ICD 9th revision codes E950–E959 for 1979–1998; and ICD 10th revision codes U03, X60–X84 and Y87.0 for 1999–2015. In 1975, in the United States, there were 1,289 suicides among males and 305 suicides among females aged 15–19 years. In 2015...

background: retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood and mutation in the rb1 gene will trigger the tumorigenesis. so far, a wide range of the mutations along the length of rb1 gene have been reported. however, some could not be detected by common detection methods. in such condition, linkage analysis using microsatellite markers is suggested to trace unknown rb1 mutation...

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. The first sign that is often reported by parents is the appearance of recurrent leukocoria (i.e., "white eye") in recreational photographs. A quantitative definition or scale of leukocoria--as it appears during recreational photography--has not been established, and the amount of clinical information contained in a leukoco...

Retinoblastomas initiate in the developing retina in utero and are diagnosed during the first few years of life. We have recently generated a series of knockout mouse models of retinoblastoma that recapitulate the timing, location, and progression of human retinoblastoma. One of the most important benefits of these preclinical models is that we can study the earliest stages of tumor initiation ...

â â â â â â â â â â â  the recent global crisis, as a big crash ( baldwin and simon , 2009), has reduced foreign demand growth affecting total countries’ exports. given the importance of foreign trade to nations and the reality that recent crisis has affected international trade we study the effects of the global financial crisis on trade relations between countries by using ma and cheng (200...