Contracts specifying a procedure’s behavior in terms of pre- and postconditions are essential for scalable software verification, but cannot express any constraints on the events occurring during execution procedure. This necessitates to annotate code with intermediate assertions, preventing full specification abstraction. We propose logic over symbolic traces able specify recursive procedures ...

Several bacterial pathogens are targeted by macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy hereafter), and autophagy is widely recognized as an important antibacterial defence mechanism [1]. On the other hand, new work has shown that some bacterial pathogens have mechanisms to avoid or exploit the autophagy machinery for intracellular survival [2–4]. Strikingly, the host cytoskeleton plays a crucial ...

Ryan P. Hobbs, Juliane C. Lessard and Pierre A. Coulombe* Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins...

Intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) form important pathways for the cross-slope transport and vertical export of particulate matter, including carbon. While intermediate maxima in particle settling fluxes have been reported Eurasian Basin Arctic Ocean, direct observations turbid INLs above continental slope are still lacking. In this study, we provide first evidence an INL, coinciding with enh...

An interpretation that the HERA excess events are due to intermediate production and decay of composite leptoquarks in the left-right symmetric preon model is given. Because of the preon-line rule, expected to be valid well, the event-ratio of neutral to charged current interactions is predicted to be one. [email protected]

This study explored the effect of saliency and L1-L2 similarity on the processing of second language morphosyntax. ERP responses to violations of past tense morphology were obtained from adult intermediate French learners of English. Results show that participants processed L2-specific violations as salient events and not as morphosyntactic incongruities.

New DKR type: An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic α-substituted β-keto esters has been developed. This method relies on the epimerization of an NHC-enol intermediate before subsequent aldol/acylation events. Highly substituted β-lactones are produced in good yield with good to excellent selectivities (see scheme).

BACKGROUND Few evidence-based treatment guidelines for tendinopathy exist. We undertook a systematic review of randomised trials to establish clinical efficacy and risk of adverse events for treatment by injection. METHODS We searched eight databases without language, publication, or date restrictions. We included randomised trials assessing efficacy of one or more peritendinous injections wi...

background: due to the increasing number of stressful life events among the elderly and the rapid spread of diabetes among them, the present study compared the stressful life events of diabetic elderly with those of non-diabetic elderly. materials and methods: this descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 senior citizens of over 60 years of age (120 diabetic patients and 120 non-...