3. One may need to make the replaced entity available as a referent. Metonymies such as the infamous "ham sandwich" example allow anaphora to the replaced referent: "The ham sandwich wants a cup of coffee. He also needs a new fork". The metonymy may in fact result in a full-fledged use of the referent, entering the entity into the "given" register; examples such as "I drive a Volvo, but the eng...

We describe our experience in adapting an existing high-quality, interlingual, unidirectional machine translation system to a new domain and bidirectional translation for a new language pair (English and Italian). We focus on the interlingua design changes which were necessary to achieve high quality output in view of the language mismatches between English and Italian. The representation we pr...

We describe two " semantically-oriented " dependency-structure formalisms, U-forms and S-forms. U-forms have been previously used in machine translation as interlingual representations, but without being provided with a formal interpretation. S-forms, which we introduce in this paper, are a scoped version of U-forms, and we define a composi-tional semantics mechanism for them. Two types of sema...

An English-to-Turkish Interlingual MT System p. 83 Rapid Prototyping of Domain-Specific Machine Translation Systems p. 95 Time-Constrained Machine Translation p. 103 An Evaluation of the Multi-Engine MT Architecture p. 113 An Ontology-Based Approach to Parsing Turkish Sentences p. 124 Monolingual Translator Workstation p. 136 Fast Document Translation for Cross-Language Information Retrieval p....

This paper focuses on the next step in the creation of a system of meaning representation and the development of semantically-annotated parallel corpora, for use in applications such as machine translation, question answering, text summarization, and information retrieval. The work described below constitutes the first effort of any kind to provide parallel corpora annotated with detailed deep ...

The extension of an existing text understanding system to multilingual translation using an interlingual approach prompted the search for a language-independent means of expressing predicates and predicate relations. The approach adopted was Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS), as put forth by [2, 3] and [1]. LCS incorporates notions of event structure, argument relations, and core meaning into ...

This paper presents the ITEM multilingual search engine. This search engine performs full lexical processing (morphological analysis, tagging and Word Sense Disambiguation) on documents and queries in order to provide language-neutral indexes for querying and retrieval. The indexing terms are the EuroWordNet/ITEM InterLingual Index records that link wordnets in 10 languages of the European Comm...

Machine translation (MT) remains the paradigm task for natural language processing (NLP) since its inception in the 1950s. Unless NIP can succeed with the central task of machine translation, it cannot be considered successful as a field. We maintain that the most profitable approach to MT at the present time is an interlingual and modular one. MT is one the precious few computational tasks fal...

This paper presents a system overview of an English to Hindi Machine-Aided Translation System named AnglaHindi. Its beta-version has been made available on the internet for free translation at http://anglahindi.iitk.ac.in AnglaHindi is an English to Hindi version of the ANGLABHARTI translation methodology developed by the author for translation from English to all Indian languages. Anglabharti ...

The history of Switzerland is outlined briefly with special reference to evolution from unilingual to quadrilingual polity. Official modern language policy in the four language territories is described, with data on language boundaries and relative number of speakers. Extent of individual (as against societal) multilingualism in Switzerland is described, in conjunction with language attitudes a...