The R package equate (Albano, 2010) contains functions for non-IRT equating under random groups and nonequivalent groups designs. This package vignette introduces these designs and provides an overview of statistical equating with details about each of the supported equating methods. Examples demonstrate the basic functionality of the package.

We investigate the computational complexity of languages which have interactive proof systems of bounded message complexity. In particular, denoting the length of the input by n, we show that If L has an interactive proof in which the total communication is bounded by c(n) bits then L can be recognized by a probabilistic machine in time exponential in O(c(n) + log(n)). If L has a public-coin in...

In this note we describe several of the IRT modeling features implemented in Mplus, namely the the item characteristic curves, the item information curves, the total information curve, item difficulty parameter and item discrimination parameter. Different estimators and parameterizations are considered. We also provide details on the Mplus implementation of the Partial Credit Model (PCM), the 3...

the purpose of this study barriers and challenges to the development of swimming in iran sports university has focuses on mental and physical health between students and academics. thus the existence of justice is essential to increase its quality in this critical environment. this study investigates distributive and interactive justice in athletic departments' countries universities. popu...

multiple objective programming (mop) problems have become famous among many researchers due to more practical and realistic implementations. there have been a lot of methods proposed especially during the past four decades. in this paper, we develop a new algorithm based on a new approach to solve mop problems by starting from a utopian point (which is usually infeasible) and moving towards the...

writers ensure the expected (re)construction of concepts in the mind of the audience through effective signposting of the inevitably linear linguistic stream, which is a main aspect of metadiscourse called interactive metadiscourse. in this study, the use of interactive metadiscourse markers in research articles was investigated to examine any probable difference existing between different disc...

With applications in nearly every field of computer science, Communication Complexity constitutes one of the most useful methods for proving unconditional lower bounds the holy grail of complexity theory. Developing tools in communication complexity is a promising approach for making progress in other computational models such as streaming, property testing, distributed computing, circuit compl...

The systems represented by the Choquet or the multi-linear fuzzy integral with respect to fuzzy measure is equivalently decomposable into hierarchically sub-systems through the use of Inclusion-Exclusion Covering (IEC) (Theorem 4.1,4.2) . Hence, IEC is one of very useful concepts/indexes for structural analysis of the fuzzy integral systems (short for: the systems represented by the Choquet or ...

L. Candy and S. Ferguson (eds.), Interactive Experience in the Digital Age: Evaluating New Art Practice, Springer Series on Cultural Computing, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04510-8_5, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 Abstract This chapter looks at interactivity and interactive art systems in relation to traditional aesthetic categories and artistic practice. Central to the chapter ...