introduction: pain is the most common problems in the post cesarean period. today, despite technological development in health care setting the usual method of pain relief after surgery is inadequate. materials & methods: this study was a blind clinical trial which performed in mustafa hospital, ilam, iran. 80 pregnant women who referred to delivery ward for elective cesarean and they had inclu...

Focusing light through an interface leads to an aberrated intensity distribution that is highly extended with a relatively low peak intensity. We present a method, using a well-chosen annular aperture, that can greatly improve the localization of the intensity about a prescribed point on the axis. Also, the intensity at that point can be increased significantly. By continuously varying the annu...

Sound intensity measurements using two microphones have traditionally been processed using a cross-spectral method with inherent error in the finite-sum and finite-difference formulas. The phase and amplitude gradient estimator method (PAGE) has been seen experimentally to extend the bandwidth of broadband active intensity estimates by an order of magnitude. To provide an analytical foundation ...

When designing interior lighting effects, it is desirable to compare a variety of lighting designs involving different lighting devices and directions of light. It is, however, time-consuming to generate images with many different lighting parameters, taking interreflection into account, because all luminances must be calculated and recalculated. This makes it difficult to design lighting effec...

This article introduces a new method for the estimation of the intensity of an inhomogeneous one-dimensional Poisson process. The Fisz transformation transforms a vector of binned Poisson counts to approximate normality. Theory shows that, asymptotically, the transformed vector is normal and the elements uncorrelated. Hence we can use wavelet shrinkage with a global threshold to estimate the Po...

We developed a rapid effective method for accurate estimation of intensity for the monogenean Lepidotrema bidyana, a gill parasite of silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus. This parasite requires monitoring because high-intensity infections reduce host growth and can lead to secondary bacterial and fungal infections. The most accurate method for counting L. bidyana was visual examination of fresh gill...

The first section of this paper describes a method for correcting inter-slice intensity variations in MR images. The method does not rely on a tissue model or segmentation, and is not affected by the presence of abnormalities. The second section of this work extends this technique to the correction of inter-volume intensity variations in MR images of the brain, using a characterization of bi-la...