Logical AI is concerned with formal languages to represent and reason with qualitative specifications; statistical AI is concerned with learning quantitative specifications from data. To combine the strengths of these two camps, there has been exciting recent progress on unifying logic and probability. We review the many guises for this union, while emphasizing the need for a formal language to...

although russian studies existed in world academies in preceding centuries in different styles, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that major academic centers in europe and the united states paid serious attention to understanding the soviet :union: and its current developments by attracting some emigrant soviet authors and scientists. for these academic centers, recognizing the...

security has been the most important issue in relations between turkey and the european :union:. turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the :union:, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the eu. the european :union: in its new security strategy has tried to expand its security zone outside the eu, defining issues such as terrori...

Background: Iliac osteotomies in adolescent patients may accompany graft related difficulties such as graft absorptionand delayed union. A new modification of iliac osteotomies has been proposed to address these difficulties.Methods: A total of 24 consecutive hip joints in 21 juvenile or adolescent patients who were candidate for salter ortriple pelvic osteotomy were included....

We study the behaviour of the Betfair betting market and the sterling/dollar exchange rate (futures price) during 24 June 2016, the night of the EU referendum. We investigate how the two markets responded to the announcement of the voting results. We employ a Bayesian updating methodology to update prior opinion about the likelihood of the final outcome of the vote. We then relate the voting mo...

These reforms should theoretically result in reduced EU farm production, however, as the authors of papers in the Farm Policy Journal point out, this is unlikely to happen in the near future. Projections suggest EU farm production levels are likely to be maintained for most commodities and even increase for some, meaning that current EU trade barriers will remain in place, and the EU’s use of e...

The enlargement of the EU has implications for the national defence requirements and therefore national defence policy of European nations. In light of the freedom of movement of citizens between member states it is appropriate to consider the implications of a country’s military expenditure for it’s macroeconomy and specifically on the flows of migration between member states. Traditionally in...