Intellectual property rights are an important driver of innovation and productivity in the knowledge-based economy. In particular, intellectual property rights in the form of patents may also be a valuable source of technical and scientific information and ideas on how to address environmental and health and safety concerns associated with industrial activity. In the network age, many smalland ...

The Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission have frequently raised innovation concerns as reasons to challenge mergers. This chapter surveys the economic theories of innovation incentives and considers how the theory may inform antitrust analysis for merger investigations and other conduct that involve innovation. Competition can promote innovation by reducing the value of failin...

Artists, musicians and writers have always been great travellers. Today, their talent circulates in new ways, and takes new forms, as the creative industries expand globally in a marriage of media technology and the traditional arts. The growing international market for cultural talent can do much to help countries diversify their economies, and improve the quality of life more broadly. The cre...

Disclaimer The University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited...

As creative works (e.g. books, films, music, photographs) become increasingly available in digital formats in a highly connected world, it also becomes increasingly difficult to secure intellectual property rights. Digital watermarking is one potential technology to aid intellectual property owners in controlling and tracking the use of their works. Surveys the state of digital watermarking res...

New technologies change the ways in which information and knowledge are used and created. This has economic impacts that have led to extensive discussions on the need to revise and adapt intellectual property rights in the knowledge society. Access to information and knowledge has also political consequences, as societal development and the possibilities to participate in development crucially ...

To encourage continued investments in R&D to result in technological advancements in the field of microelectronics, protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) embedded in the layout designs is a very important issue. In Thailand, protection is provided for the layout design of integrated circuits through the Protection of Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits Act, B.E. 2543 (2000). The la...

BACKGROUND In India, 50-65% of the population face difficulties in accessing medicines. The Health Impact Fund (HIF) is a novel proposal whereby pharmaceutical companies would be paid based on the measured global health impact of their drugs. We conducted a key stakeholder analysis to explore access to medicines in India, acceptability of the HIF and potential barriers and facilitators at polic...

Statistical indicators have not kept pace with innovation research. Today, it is well understood that many industrial and consumer products are developed by users, and that many innovations developed at private cost are freely shared. New statistical indicators will empower policymakers to take advantage of the latest research findings in their innovation policymaking, and will enable them to b...

In a world where poor countries provide weak protection for intellectual property rights, market integration will systematically shift technical change in favor of rich nations. For this reason, free trade can increase international income differences. At the same time, integration with countries where intellectual property rights are weakly protected can have a large adverse effect on the worl...