Pressure on boards to improve corporate performance and management oversight has led to a series of inquiries and reports advocating governance reform. These reports largely reflect an agency perspective of governance and seek to ensure greater board independence from and control of management. While board independence is important to good governance, we contend that frameworks, models and advi...

OBJECTIVE To determine the placebo component of treatment responses in patients with intellectual disability (ID). METHODS A statistical meta-analysis comparing bias-corrected effect sizes (Hedges g) of drug responses in open-label vs placebo-controlled clinical trials was performed, as these trial types represent different certainty of receiving genuine treatment (100% vs 50%). Studies in fr...

the writing of iranian architectural history has, from its start, followed the principles of western historiography. portions of this history are well expected to be neglected or unattended when writing of it takes place outside its intellectual framework that essentially reflects the iranian throught world. to have a truly iranian architectural historiography, one has to find the theoretical p...

Research Activity of the History Humanist and Social Thought Unit at Institute for Science PAS in 2021 The article presents main scope research, scientific achievements, popularization organizational accomplishments members 2021. research interests employees cover a wide variety topics, including institutional conditions development Polish science 20th century, intellectual movements currents, ...

BACKGROUND This study examined the factors related to intellectual activity in community-dwelling elderly persons. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires mailed to all people aged ≥65 years in a dormitory suburb in Japan (n = 15,210). The response rate was 72.2%. Analytical subjects (n = 8,910) were those who lived independently and completely answered questions about independent and depend...

José Rizal (1861-1896) is one of the most revered figures in Philippine history. He was a multifaceted intellectual and a political activist, best known for his political writings that inspired the Philippine revolution and ultimately led to his execution by the Spanish colonizers. Rizal was also a physician who trained in ophthalmology under 2 prominent European ophthalmologists, Louis de Weck...

This paper explores the history of ‘the social’ in information science. It traces the influence of social scientific thinking on the development of the field’s intellectual base. The continuing appropriation of both theoretical and methodological insights from domains such as social studies of science, science and technology studies, and socio-technical systems is discussed.

Though not many empirical data were presented in the paper with regard to social and emotional functioning, the authors did report on their impressions. It is noticeable that in both their own later publications and the work of other researchers confirmation of disturbed emotional and psychological factors, other than intellectual functioning, was found among individuals with a history of early...