Writing and perceiving letters are thought to share similar neural substrates; however, what constitutes a neural representation for letters is currently debated. One hypothesis is that letter representation develops from sensorimotor experience resulting in an integrated set of modality-specific regions, whereas an alternative account suggests that letter representations may be abstract, indep...

Femtosecond laser writing is applied to form Bragg grating waveguides in the diamond bulk. Type II waveguides are integrated with a single pulse point-by-point periodic laser modification positioned toward the edge of the waveguide core. These photonic devices, operating in the telecommunications band, allow for simultaneous optical waveguiding and narrowband reflection from a fourth-order grat...

BACKGROUND An increasing number of people involved in medicine are under pressure to publish research, but there is little understanding of how to describe structured writing. AIM This paper aims to describe the structure of original research papers published in the British Journal of General Practice with a view to providing insight into the nature of such analyses, and particularly to help ...

Holmgren E. 2006. Forest Commons in Boreal Sweden – Influences on Forest Condition, Management and the Local Economy. This thesis examines the influences of Swedish forest commons on forest condition, management and the local economy. The approach is rationalistic, i.e. outcomes of forestry activities are assessed in relation to aims. According to the stated objectives, forest commons should se...

PURPOSE Edwin Beer introduced the first endoscopic treatment of papillary bladder tumors in 1910. This historical review describes how his landmark discovery paved the way for office cystodiathermy to treat recurrent papillary tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical writings of Edwin Beer and all studies pertaining to the treatment of papillary bladder tumors from 1879 to the present were r...

Patterns of Protocols are introduced for describing communication across networks, providing conceptual patterns for behaviors of protocols and common terminology for their operations. The two basic structural patterns are Protocol-ProviderPeer-Pair-Packet and User-Provider-Agent, orthogonal to one another. The first views protocols in a common manner related to instances at each node, addresse...

A case report is a detailed narrative that usually illustrates a diagnostic or therapeutic problem experienced by one or several patients. Case reports commonly serve as the first line of evidence for new interventions or they function as alarms that an issue exists with an already established therapy. Case reports are of minor importance in evidence-based medicine; however, they make meaningfu...

This article distills the economic and current significance contained in the political economy of J.R. Commons. It compares descriptions of his three main works that discuss “sovereignty”: A Sociological View of Sovereignty (SVS), Legal Foundations of Capitalism (LFC), and Institutional Economics (IE). Through this comparison, we find that the role of sovereignty in his theory changed dramatica...

This study investigated the correlation between noncognitive variables and academic success in a freshman composition course. A sample of 257 freshmen taking an introductory English course completed a survey assessinE their attitudes and achievement expectancies. The questionnaire measured self-ratings of overall academic ability, drive to achieve, writing ability, creativity, and self-confiden...

Completion of research is logically followed by process of submission of the outcomes for publication. The objective of this article is to sensitise the young potential authors to improve their skill of writing so that the acceptance rate of publication is improved without significant comments and efforts of the editors of the journal. The article is based on the available literature combined w...