The combination of a growing number complex technologies in internal combustion engines (ICE) is commonplace, due to the need complying with tight pollutant regulations and achieving high efficiencies. Hence work calibration engineers led by constant increase degrees freedom ICE design. In this research work, wide analysis on optimization combined variable valve timing (VVT) exhaust gases recir...

Suppose that M is a complete Kähler manifold such its holomorphic sectional curvature bounded from below by constant and radial also below. N strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler above negative constant. In this paper, we establish Schwarz lemma for mappings f into N. As applications, obtain Liouville type rigidity result N, as well theorem bimeromorphic compact manifold.

We developed an analytical method for measuring tea catechins in plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE), followed by HPLC with a coulometric electrochemical detector. The plasma was mixed with an equal volume of acetonitrile to precipitate protein, and catechins in the resulting supernatant were extracted by SPE, using a C18 cartridge. To correct the extraction efficiency, ethyl gallate was sim...

Different optical techniques were applied to describe the thermal and chemical processes that occur in a SI small engine from the ported fuel injection and in-cylinder mixture formation to the combustion process and the exhaust emission. In PFI SI engines, the atomized fuel is sprayed towards the intake valves, where it may evaporate, puddle or rebound. Furthermore, a portion of the fuel may fl...

we obtain the expression of ricci tensor for a $gcr$-lightlikesubmanifold of indefinite complex space form and discuss itsproperties on a totally geodesic $gcr$-lightlike submanifold of anindefinite complex space form. moreover, we have proved that everyproper totally umbilical $gcr$-lightlike submanifold of anindefinite kaehler manifold is a totally geodesic $gcr$-lightlikesubmanifold.

This paper designs an Optimized Adaptive Combined Hierarchical Sliding Mode Controller (OACHSMC) for a time-varying crane model in presence of uncertainties. Uncertainties have always been one of the most important challenges in designing control systems, which include the unknown parameters or un-modeled dynamics in the systems. Sliding mode controller (SMC) is able to compensate the system in...

A class of Kirchhoff type systems with nonlinear boundary conditions considered in this paper. By using the method of Nehari manifold, it is proved that the system possesses two nontrivial nonnegative solutions if the parameters are small enough.

In this study, the effect of dimethyl ether enriched air (DMEA) on pollutants and performance characteristics a diesel engine was evaluated. The combustion parameters have been evaluated by simulation method. Simulation results show that in-cylinder pressure increases slightly while duration is shorter for DMEA-engine compared to original case. addition, comparative test carried out, in which D...

Abstract- Kernel trick and projection to tangent spaces are two choices for linearizing the data points lying on Riemannian manifolds. These approaches are used to provide the prerequisites for applying standard machine learning methods on Riemannian manifolds. Classical kernels implicitly project data to high dimensional feature space without considering the intrinsic geometry of data points. ...

Let $M$ be an orientable hypersurface in the Euclidean space $R^{2n}$ with induced metric $g$ and $TM$ be its tangent bundle. It is known that the tangent bundle $TM$ has induced metric $overline{g}$ as submanifold of the Euclidean space $R^{4n}$ which is not a natural metric in the sense that the submersion $pi :(TM,overline{g})rightarrow (M,g)$ is not the Riemannian submersion. In this paper...