Norms have been used in multiagent systems as a standard description of agents’ behaviors. Much effort has been put in formalizing norms and utilizing them in agent decision making with such work often focusing on two types of norms: prohibitions and obligations. However, agents may have incomplete knowledge about norms in a system for several reasons, such as, deficient norms identification te...

Our main question in this paper is as follow: (Q) What are the epistemic norms governing our responses face of disagreement? In order to answer it, we begin with some clarification. First, following McHugh (2012), if employ a useful distinction normativity theory between evaluative and prescriptive norms, there two readings (Q)––we explore such section 2. And secondly, accept gnosticism, that i...

This paper provides a norm-based explanation for two features of the fertility transition that have been observed in many different settings: the slow response to external interventions and the wide variation in the response to the same intervention. Most societies have traditionally put norms into place to regulate fertility. When the economic environment changes, individuals gradually learn t...

background: caucasian norms are still used in the orthodontic treatment of iranian patients, despite the different ethnic backgrounds of iranians. the aims of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric features of an iranian population and to establish cephalometric norms for iranian living in the central region of iran (isfahan). materials and methods: a total of 238 lateral cephalometric r...