Abstract. The history of the long-term variations in astronomical elements used paleoclimate research shows that, contrary to what might be thought, Milutin Milankovitch is not father theory but he definitely modeling. He did calculate these himself them extensively for calculating “secular march” incoming solar radiation. advanced our understanding Quaternary climate by two important and origi...

Abstract The Niagara Escarpment is a fractured Palaeozoic sedimentary cuesta, subject to year-round weathering in temperate climate. We examined the temperature of rock surface and fractures at three situ sites with varying aspect lithology, as well interior control blocks maintained outdoor conditions between December 2020 March 2021. objectives were examine interplay freeze–thaw thermal winte...

Insolation changes play an important role in driving monsoon at orbital time scales. One key issue that has remained outstanding is whether the Asian driven by local insolation from Northern Hemisphere (NH) or remote Southern (SH) band. Here, we perform a set of sensitivity experiments to quantify impacts and on Afro-Asian summer 11 ka BP relative present. We show overwhelmingly precession indu...