For observed mechanical systems, we study the problem of constructing flat inputs that are consistent with structure systems. Such will be called inputs. We show contrary to inputs, exist (almost) everywhere, in general, for existence additional structural conditions needed. provide necessary and sufficient systems n degrees freedom, where is arbitrary, - 1 measurements.

What is the significance of the extensive variability observed in individual members of a single-cell phenotype? This question is particularly relevant to the highly differentiated organization of the brain. In this study, for the first time, we analyze the in vivo variability within a neuronal phenotype in terms of input type. We developed a large-scale gene-expression data set from several hu...

The first part of the paper discusses nuclear properties relevant to predict compound reactions. The second part addresses direct reactions with special emphasis on direct neutron capture.

Many control systems contain control inputs which are constrained to be non–negative. Unfortunately, the unilateral nature of such inputs makes them similar to a drift term, and correspondingly complicates any attempt to determine controllability. We present a controllability test in which Lie brackets are characterized as “good” or “bad,” from which controllability follows from the relationshi...

Designing the shape and size of a cell is an interesting challenge for synthetic biology. Prolonged exposure to the mating pheromone alpha-factor induces an unusual morphology in yeast cells: multiple mating projections. The goal of this work was to reproduce the multiple projections phenotype in the absence of alpha-factor using a gain-of-function approach termed "Alternative Inputs (AIs)". An...