STUDY OBJECTIVE We performed this in vitro study to determine the following: (1) if there is any significant difference in resistance between comparably sized endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in simulated anatomic oral and nasal conformations: (2) if neck flexion would increase the resistance of the ETT; and (3) if a wire-reinforced tube in simulated oral conformation would minimize the resistance inc...

This research presents a new variable rate drip irrigation (VRDI) emitter design that can monitor individual water drops. Conventional systems cannot the flow per emitter. Application uniformity for conventional emitters be decreased by clogged emitters, irregular orifices, and decreases in pressure. A VRDI overcome challenges field increasing application each plant reducing losses. Flow is aff...

An ultra-sensitive and quantitative diagnostic system by combining nested PCR and TaqMan PCR in a single tube was developed for detection of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus". The procedure involves two PCR steps using the species-specific outer and inner primer pairs. Different annealing temperatures allow both the first and the second rounds of PCR to be performed sequentially in the same c...

When mixed solvent solutions, such as ternary water-hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvents, water-surfactant, water-ionic liquid, and fluorous-organic solvents are delivered into a microspace under laminar flow conditions, the solvent molecules are radially distributed in the microspace, generating inner and outer phases. This specific fluidic behavior is termed "tube radial distribution phen...

Facts presented, for the first time, in a previous publication by the writer (1919-20) prove that the developing descending colon of the pig embryo possesses two zones of differential growth which by their interaction mutually influence each other during the formation period. The inner epithelial tube is the dominant, most active region of growth. I t presents numerous mitotic figures which pur...

We can classify the flow of a fluid in a straight circular tube into either laminar or turbulent flow. It is assumed from hereon that we assume fully developed incompressible, Newtonian, steady flow conditions. Fully developed flow implies that the tube is long compared with the entrance length in which the velocity distribution at the inlet adjusts itself to the geometry and no longer changes ...

BACKGROUND The detection of multiple viruses is important for pathogenic diagnosis and disease control. Microarray detection is a good method, but requires complex procedures for multiple virus detection. METHODS We developed a novel PCR assay, the microarray-in-a-tube system, which integrates multiple PCR processes and DNA microarrays for multiple virus detection. A 5 x 5 oligonucleotide mic...

A theoretical solution is presented for the forced convection heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid obeying the Giesekus constitutive equation in a concentric annulus under steady state, laminar, and purely tangential flow. A relative rotational motion exists between the inner and the outer cylinders, which induces the flow. A constant temperature was set in both cylinders, in this study. The f...