STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to quantify all cause mortality among injecting drug users. DESIGN This was a retrospective analysis of 1989 data on injecting drug users and mortality obtained from three independent agencies: the Procurator Fiscal's Office, the General Register Office, and the Scottish HIV-test register. SETTING Greater Glasgow, Scotland. SUBJECTS Drug injectors, estimated po...

OBJECTIVE To assess some aspects of vulnerability to HIV infection in women users of injecting drugs. METHODS Thirteen semi-structured interviews were performed with female drug users (or former users) of injecting drugs, leaving in the East side of São Paulo, in 2002. The script of interviews approached four focal point issues: socioeconomic context and affective relationships, drug use, pre...

In Indonesia, an ongoing government "war on drugs" has resulted in numerous arrests and anecdotal reports of abuse in detention, but to date there has been little documentation or analysis of this issue. JANGKAR (also known in English as the Indonesian Harm Reduction Network), a nongovernmental organization (NGO) based in Jakarta, surveyed 1106 injecting drug users in 13 cities about their expe...

BACKGROUND Karachi is the largest metropolis of Pakistan and its economic hub attracting domestic migrants for economic opportunities. It is also the epicenter of HIV epidemic in the country. Since 2004, one pilot study and four behavioral and biological surveillance rounds have been conducted in Karachi. In addition many student research projects have also focused on key risk groups including ...

2060 www.thelancet.com Vol 381 June 15, 2013 Globally, there are an estimated 15·9 million injecting drug users, 3 million of whom have HIV. The illicit nature of injection drug use and associated social stigma have created substantial challenges for HIV prevention in this group. Despite these obstacles, several programmes have shown that HIV transmission in injecting drug users can be prevente...

This chapter synthesises and evaluates the available direct evidence relating to the impact of needle and syringe programmes (NSPs), opioid substitution treatment (OST), drug consumption rooms (DCRs), and peer naloxone distribution (PND) on HIV/hepatitis C (HCV) incidence/prevalence, injecting risk behaviour and overdose-related mortality. To achieve this, we conducted a review of reviews; a sy...

Previous studies have demonstrated a stronger seroreactivity against some synthetic peptides responsible for inducing neutralizing antibodies in injecting drug users (IDU) compared to that of individuals sexually infected with HIV-1 (S), but the effectiveness in terms of the neutralizing ability of these antibodies has not been evaluated. Our objective was to study the humoral immune response o...

INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis C cases diagnosed in Romania were mostly related to unsafe parenteral treatments and blood transfusions; HCV genotype 1b was prevalent. During the last decade, an increasing number of HCV infections was reported among people who inject drugs (PWID). The aim of the current study was to test if this epidemiological shift triggered a diversification of the circulatin...

Background: Needle sharing and sexual contacts Taiwanese Department of Health (DOH) among injecting drug users (IDUs) have become laden with HIV and HIV related health problems, representing a serious public health threat all over the world. For reduce the sharing of needle, Taiwanese public health prompted methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) to reduce needle sharing and curb the transmission...