A word's frequency of occurrence and its predictability from a prior context are key factors determining how long the eyes remain on that word in normal reading. Past reaction-time and eye movement research can be distinguished by whether these variables, when combined, produce interactive or additive results, respectively. Our study addressed possible methodological limitations of prior experi...

Taking a test during learning enhances later retention more than spending equivalent time restudying the same materials (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). In the study, we first recorded participants’ eye movements in a paired-associate learning task while they were re-studying or tested for immediate cue recall. Testing prompted final item memory but not memory for its associated location. Participa...

Grade 3C open femur fractures are challenging injuries with higher rates of complications. This is a retrospective review of grade 3C open femur fractures with vascular repair between 2002 and 2012. Outcomes included initial MESS score, additional injuries, duration of operation, complications, secondary operations or amputations, and social life implications. Thirty-one of 39 total patients we...

INTRODUCTION Axillary artery injury is a rare but severe complication of fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of axillary artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to such a fracture, in a 82-year-old white woman, presenting 10 weeks after the initial injury, successfully treated with subclavian to brachial reversed vein bypass together with simultaneous op...

Secondary visual feedback (2VFB) is a visual signal derived from continuous measurement of eye position and provides an extra artificial indication of the point of gaze. 2VFB may be eccentrically displaced and subjects are able to visually superimpose 2VFB onto a visual target signal and thus achieve and maintain eccentric fixation. Initial transient patterns of movement depend upon training bu...

Operative treatment modalities for calcaneal fracture are still controversial. The outcome of intra-articular calcaneal fracture is mainly influenced by the soft tissue and the subtalar joint. Percutaneous method of internal fixation has been attempted to avoid the problems. Patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture types IIA, IIB and IIC were treated by initial distraction of ...

Because the recorded location of an eyetracking fixation is not a perfect measure of the actual fixated location, the recorded fixation locations must be adjusted before analysis. Fixations are typically corrected manually. Making such changes, however, is time-consuming and necessarily involves a subjective component. The goal of this article is to introduce software to automate parts of the c...

We report the results of an investigation into the ability of transitional probability (word-to-word contingency statistics) to account for reading behaviour. Using a corpus of eye movements recorded during the reading of newspaper text, we demonstrate both the forward [P(n/n-1)] and backward [P(n/n+1)] transitional probability measures to be predictive of first fixation and gaze durations: the...

Before investigating human brains post mortem, the first preparation step is often formalin fixation of the brain. As the brain consists of inhomogeneous tissues, the fixation leads to a three-dimensional strain field within the tissue. During the single case MR-based investigation of the brain, first, the starting point with the brain post mortem but still within the cranium, was examined. The...

Recently, the frequency-dependent Moran process has been introduced in order to describe evolutionary game dynamics in finite populations. Here, an alternative to this process is investigated that is based on pairwise comparison between two individuals. We follow a long tradition in the physics community and introduce a temperature (of selection) to account for stochastic effects. We calculate ...