background : anxiety is the one of the most common problems before the surgery. its prevalence rate ranged from 11 to 80 percent in all the adult patients. delay in wound healing and increasing use of narcotics and anesthetics are some of the other accompanying problems. aromatherapy is one of the complementary medicine components. it is applied by special type of oil extracted from aromatic pl...

welders exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium in welding fumes is associated with increase of cancer risk in welders. in this study we calculated cancer risk due to exposure to these compounds in welders.the role of exposure parameters in welders on derived incremental lifetime cancer risk were determined by stochastic modeling of cancer risk. input parameters were determined by field inve...

introduction: oxygen is a drug and physician and nurses should be familiar with the effects and potential risks of oxygen therapy. the current study aimed to assess familiarity of physicians and nurses with various aspects of oxygen therapy. method: in this cross sectional study, the familiarity of physicians and nurses with various aspects of oxygen therapy in a teaching hospital was evaluated...

We examined the effects of odorant inhalation on the sleep-wake states in rats. Odorants used in the experiment were clove, jasmine, lavender, lemon, peppermint, pine, rose, sandalwood, valerian, and ylang-ylang. Valerian and rose inhalation significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, whereas lemon inhalation significantly shortened it. The effect of valerian inhalation was...

occupational inhalation exposure to noxious agents is not uncommon. herein, we present a 26-year-old male student who had accidental acute inhalation exposure to a large quantity of titanium ethanolate and hydrogen chloride in chemistry lab. he was referred to the emergency department of our hospital with low-grade fever, dyspnea, headache, fatigue and myalgia. after 24 hrs of symptomatic treat...

this study is the effects of inhalation toxic mixture of bleach and detergent was examined on the epithelial layer of trachea in the mice. in this study, 42 adult male mice nmri race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group. experimental groups 1-2-3 with the using of chamber, as inhalation 20 minutes were exposure to spray the a...

patients and methods sixty children aged between 2 and 12 years, and scheduled for on-pump surgery due to a congenital heart disease were randomly assigned into two groups. oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg up to 15 mg per patient) and dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg) were administered 45 minutes pre-anesthesia. children’s anxiety, mask acceptance behavior, hemodynamic measures, and cardiopulmonary outcomes w...

background: trauma is a major healthcare challenge worldwide. in developing countries, most road deaths happen during the pre-hospital phase; consequently, pre-hospital trauma care has received considerable attention during the past decades. objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the quality of pre-hospital oxygen therapy in patients with multiple trauma. patients and methods: thi...

Relative to other approaches that have been recommended, fitting all head data, solving for a time shift, and including an air passage artifact term in the model significantly improved the estimate of gray matter blood flow by the inhalation technique. A robust algorithm, which incorporates these features, has been developed. Formulas which facilitate implementation of this algorithm are report...

BACKGROUND Patients with COPD may be prescribed multiple inhalers as part of their treatment regimen, which require different inhalation techniques. Previous literature has shown that the effectiveness of inhaled treatment can be adversely affected by incorrect inhaler technique. Prescribing a range of device types could worsen this problem, leading to poorer outcomes in COPD patients, but the ...