Mechanisms of testicular thermoregulation, the relationship of scrotal, testicular vascular cone (TVC), and testicular morphology with thermoregulatory capability, and their effects on semen quality and sperm production were studied in 20 Bos indicus, 28 crossbred, and 26 Bos taurus bulls. The ratio of testicular artery length and volume to testicular volume were larger (P<0.05) in B. indicus a...

AIM We aimed to investigate the importance of early diagnosis and proper management of paradoxical herniation based on the data of 13 patients who had 14 occurrences of paradoxical herniation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The characteristics and the effectiveness of treatments of 13 patients with paradoxical herniation were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Paradoxical herniation occur...

A 21-year-old woman presented with cervical myelopathy due to nontraumatic cervical disc herniation associated with cervical canal stenosis. The patient underwent removal of the herniated disc and anterior fusion with an autogenous iliac crest bone graft. After surgery, the patient showed satisfactory improvement. Cases of cervical disc herniation in our center and reported cases without cervic...

Acute scrotal pain and swelling in children is commonly attributed to torsion of the testis or of the testicular appendage. However, following suppurative appendicitis, scrotal abscess secondary to a patent processus vaginalis must be considered.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to predict the relationship between the symptomatic disc herniation level and the osteophyte level or decreased disc height in patients with cervical disc herniation. METHODS Between January 2011 and December 2012, 69 patients with an osteophyte of the cervical spine underwent surgery at a single center due to soft cervical disc herniation. Data including s...

PURPOSE We describe a new type of perineum based scrotal flap with biaxial vascularization supplied by both superficial perineal arteries. Flap length of up to 20 cm. may be attained for urethral reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 men with complex urethral stenosis of different etiologies underwent surgery using 1 of 3 urethroplasty techniques based on this new flap. The whol...

INTRODUCTION Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common malignancies in men. Testicular torsion is also a scrotal phenomenon seen in adolescence and adulthood. The co-occurrence of these two scrotal disorders is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION A 28-year-old East Asian man presented at our hospital with painless bilateral scrotal swelling. Both scrotal ultrasonography and computed tomog...

We present a case of an intradural arachnoid cyst that was successfully diagnosed via ultrasonography. It is challenging to distinguish between spinal cysts and cord herniations on preoperative computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, these diseases have been reported coexist. Therefore, definitive diagnosis not provided until intraoperative findings sufficiently...

quantitative histology of the descended testis of unilateral cryptorchid bucks was compared with testis of normal bucks to evaluate the reproductive potentials of the scrotal testis in unilateral cryptorchids, using light microscopy techniques. the contralateral scrotal testes of the unilateral cryptorchids and the testes of the normal bucks contained profiles of seminiferous epithelium and eac...