The routine assessment of patient dose in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme is performed as part of the quality assurance protocol recommended by the Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine. The mean glandular dose to a standard breast is deduced from measurement of the air kerma at the entrance surface of a 4 cm Perspex phantom by applying a series of conversion factors...

The tongue enables taste and plays a critical role in formation of food bolus and deglutition. The tongue is also crucial for speech and the earliest sign of tongue paresis is a change in the quality of speech. Given the importance of the tongue, tongue carcinoma should be accurately staged in order to optimise treatment options and preserve organ function. The intent of this review is to famil...

Introduction Among the different factors accounting for the better utilization of poor forages by goats, compared with sheep, urea recycling and better mastication during ingestion have been reported (Masson et al, 1986; Morand-Fehr et al, 1987). Our purpose was to measure the particle size in the alimentary bolus and to indirectly assess urea recycling, by chemical analysis of alimentary bolus.

BACKGROUND The conversion of patients on stable epoetin therapy to darbepoetin alpha is usually carried out according to the '1 microg darbepoetin =200 U epoetin' rule, which is based on the protein content of the two compounds. Since several observations have suggested that this conversion factor leads to an overestimate of the required darbepoetin dose, the present multicentre study was desig...

Aims, Objectives and Background Propranolol is widely prescribed between 2007 2017 dispensing in the UK increased by some 41%. In same period, deaths England Wales following propranolol overdose 205%. Method Design We retrospectively reviewed cases of fatal poisoning reported to NPIS, 01/01/2017 31/12/2021 understand demographics these exposures, doses involved treatments administered. Results ...

background: in iran, methadone has been used for methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) as well as analgesic treatment in pain clinics. recently, there are some reports regarding accidental and intentional methadone poisonings and deaths. the aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of methadone poisonings and deaths during a 10-year period in tehran, iran. methods: this was a retrospective c...

Experimental data on the gross food conversion efficiency of fishes (KI growth increment/food ingested) are usually reduced to a model of the form K I = aWb ; it is shown that the model K I = 1 (WIW_)~ has a number of advantages over the traditional model. The new model can be used to compute the food consumption per unit biomass of an age-structured fish population, by relying on the first der...

Recent research on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols after ingestion of green tea by humans is reviewed. Glucuronide, sulfate, and methyl metabolites of (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin glucuronide reach peak nanomolar per liter plasma concentrations 1.6-2.3 h after intake, indicating absorption in the small intestine. The concentrations then decline, and only trace amounts remain 8 h aft...

background: radiation dose knowledge through xray examinations and their distribution in iran provides useful guidance on patient dose reduction. the results of the entrance skin dose (esds) of five common radiographies in all radiology centers in yazd province were reported in our previous study (2003). in the present study we have evaluated the collective effective dose of conventional x-ray ...