Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical technique to monitor cerebral oxygen saturation at the bedside. Despite its applicability, NIRS has had limited clinical use because of concerns about accuracy, noted by intersubject variability in slope and intercept of the line between NIRS- and weighted-average arterial-cerebrovenous saturation (SMO2). This study evaluated transcrani...

Efforts have been made to find new, non-invasive methods for assessing tissue oxygenation and haemodynamics, particularly in the brain of the fetus and the newborn infant. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a developmental technique that provides just such a method, allowing calculation of variables such as cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume. It can also measure peripheral oxygen c...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) presents an appealing option for investigating hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during exercise. This review examines the physical basis of NIRS and the types of available instruments. Emphasis is placed on the physiological interpretation of NIRS signals. Theories from affective neuroscience and exercise psychobiology, including Davidson's prefrontal...

Fermentation is a key step in obtaining fine cocoa through the formation of potent aroma precursors. The fermentation level of cocoa beans is traditionally assessed by measuring the amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃) using the time-consuming Conway technique. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a rapid and efficient tool, was used to analyze NH₃ levels in several hundred cocoa samples at different...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become widely accepted as a valuable tool for noninvasively monitoring hemodynamics for clinical and diagnostic purposes. Baseline shift has attracted great attention in the field, but there has been little quantitative study on baseline removal. Here, we aimed to study the baseline characteristics of an in-house-built portable medical NIRS device over a lo...

Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled the non-invasive elucidation of the neurobiological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies in human patients have suggested that the frontal cortex and subcortical structures may play a role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here we used NIRS to investigate neurobi...

We realized a compact hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system by integrating a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device with an economical electroencephalography (EEG) system. The NIRS array was located on the subjects' forehead, covering the prefrontal area. The EEG electrodes were distributed over the frontal, motor/temporal, and parietal areas. The experimental paradigm involve...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) enables noninvasive measurement of concentration changes of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. The present study investigated cerebral representations of motion illusion by NIRS and examined several experimental procedures to determine an efficient procedure that can shorten the experimental time. We compared hemodynamic responses to figures with and without motion ill...

Impaired cerebral autoregulation may contribute to secondary injury in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Continuous, noninvasive assessment of cerebral pressure autoregulation can be achieved with bedside near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and systemic mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate whether impaired cerebral autoregulation measured ...