Recent literature has identified three areas that must be considered when creating a secure information system: technical, formal and informal systems. With much of the literature focusing on the technical and formal systems, this paper explores the literature aimed at the informal system. The goal of this paper is to explore theories and empirical studies about human behavior and information s...

the informality of possession and lack of security in residence are among the characteristics attributed to the informal settlements, as well as, they are a key to other problems’ solutions. this essay investigates some of the typical cases of iran’s informal settlements, and this intends to find out the possession conditions, as well as, the conditions necessary for the recognition of the ...

BACKGROUND Residents' ability to interpret statistics is important for scholarly pursuits and understanding evidence-based medicine. Yet there is limited research assessing residents' statistical literacy and their training in statistics. METHODS In 2011 we surveyed US obstetrics-gynecology residents participating in the Council for Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology In-Training ...

BACKGROUND The potential of antenatal care for reducing maternal morbidity and improving newborn survival and health is widely acknowledged. Yet there are worrying gaps in knowledge of the quality of antenatal care provided in Tanzania. In particular, determinants of health workers' performance have not yet been fully understood. This paper uses ethnographic methods to document health workers' ...

Research summary: We examine why a firm takes specific competitive action in nonmarket and resource-market spaces, particularly when it perceives threats from informal and foreign competitor groups, respectively. We address this question by combining insights from competitive rivalry, strategic groups, and nonmarket strategy literatures in an emerging economy context. Specifically, we theorize ...

as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and promotes capacity strengthening and training in the ...