Although its treatment is available, complication incidence, probability of permanent neurologic sequel and rate of mortality are still high in herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Early diagnosis and prompt antiviral therapy are essential to improve prognosis and to prevent severe neurologic complications. Here we wanted to present a 46 years old female patient hospitalized at the infecti...

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in North America and caused numerous cases of human encephalitis, thus urging the development of a vaccine. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of a recombinant measles vaccine (MV) expressing the secreted form of the envelope glycoprotein from WNV to prevent WNV encephalitis in mice. In the present study, we investigated the...

Large-scale codon re-encoding is a new method of attenuating RNA viruses. However, the use of infectious clones to generate attenuated viruses has inherent technical problems. We previously developed a bacterium-free reverse genetics protocol, designated ISA, and now combined it with large-scale random codon-re-encoding method to produce attenuated tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a pathog...

The neurologic sequelae post-measles are less common than other complications measles-related and can lead to severe disability or death: primary measles encephalitis (PME), acute post-infectious measles encephalomyelitis (APME), measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE), and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). SSPE syndrome can affect people years from the acute measles virus infectio...

occurred for 19 years. From 1959 to 1983, numerous TBEV foci existed in northeastern Germany (3). From 1960 to 1985, a total of 4 human cases were seen 10 km east of Neustrelitz. From 1983 to 1989, numerous attempts to cultivate TBEV from ticks or small mammals failed (3). In 1992, TBEV genome was detected by PCR in 3 tick pools from the island of Usedom, and in 2 pools from the Darss peninsula...

ENCEPHALITIS and cerebellar ataxia are rare complications of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Until recently the demonstration of a raised titre of heterophil antibodies in a Paul-Bunnell test provided the best objective data for substantiating a diagnosis of IM. Unfortunately, this test may produce both false positive and false negative results and may remain positive for many months after the a...

Encephalitic flaviviruses are important arthropod-borne pathogens of humans and other animals. In particular, the recent emergence of the West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in new geographic areas has caused a considerable public health alert and international concern. Among the experimental in vivo models of WNV and JEV infection, mice and other laboratory rodents are ...

Encephalitis associated with antibodies to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has variable clinical manifestations. Patients are often diagnosed with infectious processes because of prodromal symptoms and autonomic manifestations. Approximately 70% of patients have prodromal symptoms consisting of headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, along with frequent autonomic manifestatio...

No agent is implicated in most central nervous system (CNS) infections. To investigate cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with CNS infections of unknown cause in 1 hospital in Taiwan, we used a staged molecular approach, incorporating techniques including multiplex MassTag PCR, 16S rRNA PCR, DNA microarray, and high-throughput pyrosequencing. We determined the infectious agent for 31 (24...