Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide. Predominant T-helper 1 (Th1) responses with increased gamma interferon (IFN- γ) levels have been proposed to play an important role in H. pylori-induced peptic ulcer. However, bacterial factors contributing to the initiation of Th1 polarization of H. pylori-specific immune responses have n...

Hepatozoonosis is a protozoal disease caused by various species of Hepatozoon. This parasite is transmitted from tick; the main vector of Hepatozoon canis is usually the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). However, several species of ticks are disposed as the alternative vectors. Dogs are usually infected by eating the tick or a part of the tick organ infected by the mature oocysts conta...

the aim of this study was to detect the genotype of fasciola spp. in meshkin-shahr, ardabil province, northwestern iran in different hosts using pcr-rflp.the parasite hosts included cattle, and sheep. overall, 70 adult flukes from livers of slaughtered animals were collected from the abattoirs of aforementioned area. the included 35 samples from infected sheep and 35 samples from 35 infected ca...

Background and Aims: Many studies have provided evidence for the role of hepatitis B and C viruses in the development of liver cancer. Although the routine treatment is available for both conditions, no definite guideline is available to treat patients dually infected with HBV and HCV. This study was performed to determine the frequency of HBV/HCV-coinfection in Mashhad, North-East of Iran. Mat...

Background: Sepsis related-multiple organ dysfunction is associated with ileum injury. We aimed to determine the causes of ileal injury in two models of microbial sepsis resulted from infection with Aeromonas hydrophila or its endotoxin. We also evaluated the protective effect of phytic acid. Methods: Thin sections of ileum from 60 Swiss male mice in control, bacteria-infected or lipopolysaccha...

BACKGROUND It is difficult to quickly distinguish non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection from tuberculosis (TB) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients because of many similarities between these diseases. A simple and effective way to determine the differences using routine blood tests is necessary in developing countries. METHODS A retrospective cohort study ...

BACKGROUND HIV infection continues to be endemic worldwide. Although treatments are successful, it remains controversial whether patients receiving optimal therapy have structural, functional, or biochemical cardiac abnormalities that may underlie their increased cardiac morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to characterize myocardial abnormalities in a contemporary group of HI...

this experiment was conducted to compare the effects of multi-strain probiotic inclusion levels on performance, intestinal morphology, gut microflora and hematological changes in salmonella typhimurium (st) infected broiler chickens. a total of 120 day old ross 308 broiler chickens were distributed into 20 floor pens and reared for 10 days under 5 experimental treatments including a corn-soy ba...

the present study was designed to evaluate the drought tolerance of new sugar beet monogerm hybrids using polyethylene glycol 6000, under in vitro condition. the experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in sugar beet seed institute, karaj in 2013. 23 new sugar beet monogerm hybrids with two tolerant and normal controls wer...

background and aims: infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), is an acute and highly contagious disease in chickens. ibv is considered mainly as a respiratory infection, other clinical manifestations, including renal, enteric and reproductive signs can be observed. since there has been no study on evaluation of changes in biochemical parameters during ib infectio...