Background: An increasing number of studies show low diversity of the gut microbiome in those with chronic diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergy. Manipulation of the microbiota may promote health. However, the adult microbiota is stable and may be difficult to change. Understanding the fixed and modifiable factors, which determine colonization in early life, may prov...

For many traditional, non-industrialized populations, intensive and prolonged breastfeeding buffers infant health against poverty, poor sanitation, and limited health care. Due to novel influences on local economies, values, and beliefs, the traditional and largely beneficial breastfeeding patterns of such populations may be changing to the detriment of infant health. To assess if and why such ...

Editorials 778 Infant mortality is an indicator of population health and a measure of global health inequalities. 1 Despite advances in medical sciences and acknowledgement of the role of hygiene and sanitation, survival of infants continues to be a challenge worldwide. Evidence suggests that the survival of infants after the age of one month is mainly influenced by the external environment in ...

We determined the impact of creep feed provision and type on pre- post-weaning growth performance piglets. At 2 wk post farrow, litters (n = 50) were given no or provided a simple feed, complex both until weaning at ∼28 d. Creep regardless type, resulted in increased (P < 0.05) piglets final week pre-weaning immediate post-weaning, which was not maintained end nursery period. Piglets showed ...

a 21-year old man with cervical spinal cord damage due to diving was admitted in the icu. tracheostomy was performed due to prolonged mechanical ventilation. left lung atelectasis happened frequently. because of the difficulty of bronchoscopy and failing of recruitment, using a double lumen, two tracheal tubes were guided into the left and right lungs through the tracheostomy stoma site. after ...

The impact of weaning age and/or supplemental liquid feed in the farrowing pen on pre- and post-weaning intake was investigated. systems consisted a milk replacer from day 2, changed to cereal-based 12 days after birth. By continuing with same post-weaning, but dry form, we hypothesised that change would be less abrupt increase post-weaning. study 24 sows their litters 2 × factorial design. des...

BACKGROUND: Many additives have been recommended to calf feed but the effects of each supplement have been under investigation especially during weaning stress. OBJECTIVES: The effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic (Protexin) and chromium-methionine che- late (Cr-Met) on triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), total protein, albumin, zinc, and gr...

Background & objectives: Weaning of children depends on several factors, recognizing each of these factors will be effective in adopting strategies to prevent abrupt cessation of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the method of complete weaning of children and the factors affecting it in mothers with children aged 30-36 months in Kerman. Methods: In this cross-sectional st...