avicenna has presented some divisions of happiness: at the first he defines it as favorite thing per se (intrinsically), and goal in itself. he divides also happiness in one respect into two kinds; the first one is happiness in relation to different powers of soul, and the other is happiness in relation to soul itself. from the other viewpoint he divides happiness into bodily and spiritual and ...

allamah tabatabai interprets the doctrine of attributive monotheism of god under the philosophical theory of the identity of god’s perfection attributes with his essence. because, in his view point, it is the only rational way for explanation of attributive monotheism. according to this theory, all divine perfection attributes are identical with each other and with god’s nature in external worl...

many poets have somewhat dealt with the concept of feminity in their poems, and some only have alluded to it. their attitude and their viewpoint towards woman is influenced by the popular viewpoint dominating their society as well as their own personal experiences. marouf abdolqani rasafi discussed nearly all aspects of women's social problems. he was aware of such problems and tried his b...

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in this article, author has tried, based on a comparsion between meaning of classification with meaning of inequality, to reach a particular definition of classification which elements such as social ineguality could be recognized within it. although, at the first glance, ineguality could be seen as a natural phnenomenon, or as a genetice one, studies have proved that classification in societie...

rational knowledge-claims, consisting of theoretical propositions expressing a judgment about complex urban problems, are not new. the audiences, i.e. the public whose lives are affected by such claims, have begun to question the claims of rationality in urban planning. in response, each urban planner, believing in a particular theory or point of reference, endeavors to challenge competing theo...

richard swinburne is a one of those contemporary philosophers who refers to inductive reasoning to provide explanation for theism. utilizing the principle of credulity and simplicity, and by distinguishing the temporal orders from spatial orders, he attempts to strengthen the probability of the god existence. swinburne tries to answer to the limit-question by the hypothesis of theistic theology...

with the beginning of the 19th century, england entered into a transitional period. sociologists believe that in each era of transformation, the ruling class tries to establish its own values, but some resistance to these new values is inevitable. thomas hardy's novels in general, and under the greenwood tree specifically, are no exception. based on these notions, this paper tries to interpret ...