Synthesis gas manufacturing by steam reforming of hydrocarbons is an important industrial process. High endothermic nature of the process makes it one of the most cost and heat intensive processes. In the present work, composite effect of different inert gases on synthesis gas yield, feed gas conversion and temperature distribution along the reactor length has been studied using a heterogeneous...

Given a mixing shift of finite type X , we consider which subshifts of finite type Y ⊂ X can be realized as the fixed point shift of an inert involution of X . We establish a condition on the periodic points of X and Y that is necessary for Y to be the fixed point shift of an inert involution of X . We show that this condition is sufficient to realize Y as the fixed point shift of an involution...

The Electric Particulate Suspension (EPS) is a combustion ignition system being developed at Iowa State University for evaluating quenching effects of powders in microgravity (quenching distance, ignition energy, flammability limits). Because of the high cloud uniformity possible and its simplicity, the EPS method has potential for ‘benchmark’ design of quenching flames that would provide NASA ...

There is increasing interest in the use of engineered particles for biomedical applications, although questions exist about their proinflammatory properties and potential adverse health effects. Lung macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) are key regulators of pulmonary immunity, but little is known about their uptake of different sized particles or the nature of the induced immunological imprint...

Five potential additives, three zeolites and two silicates, have been studied for reducing the amount of compounds generated when smoking Heet tobacco. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry experiments (Py-GC/MS) show that this type tobacco generates large amounts nicotine glycerol such as phenol, acetaldehyde, acetone formaldehyde are classified harmful components potentially (HPHC). ...

The effects of inert spherical crowders on the melting temperature and folding stability small globular proteins are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations with a Gō-like model for proteins. energy parameter in is obtained individually each protein matching model’s to experimental meltingtemperature absence crowders. It shown that both increase presence Specifically, as crowders’ ...

Combustion synthesis of tin dioxide (SnO2) was studied using a new synthesis approach where the combustion environment was augmented to control the temperature and flow conditions using methane as a supplemental fuel. The experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure using a multi-element diffusion flame burner with a gas-phase precursor for SnO2 and solid-phase precursor for metal addit...

Chemical factors and physical constraints lead to coupled effects during particle transport in unsaturated porous media. Studies on unsaturated transport as typical for soils are currently scarce. In unsaturated porous media, particle mobility is determined by the existence of an air-water interface in addition to a solid-water interface. To this end, we measured breakthrough curves and retenti...

Some amounts of inert products are given into environment due to biological degradation of substrate in activated sludge system. The effluent of biological wastewater treatment consists of inert substrate in influent flow, soluble microbial products and non degradable or slowly degradable organic products. Soluble inert COD (SI) must be determined for discharge standards since it did not give a...

INTRODUCTION Nanosized particles may enable therapeutic modulation of immune responses by targeting dendritic cell (DC) networks in accessible organs such as the lung. To date, however, the effects of nanoparticles on DC function and downstream immune responses remain poorly understood. METHODS Bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were exposed in vitro to 20 or 1,000 nm polystyrene (PS) particles....