in order to evaluate tolerance of four prunus rootstocks to fe-deficiency-induced chlorosis,  an experiment was carried out in bu-ali sina university in 2012 using a rcbd design with four replications. four rootstocks were used, including gf677, gn15, bitter almond and peach and nutritional treatments were: hoagland solution without fe (ph = 6), hoagland solution containing 90µm fe as control (...

Traffic congestion has been increasing because of increased population growth mainly in major cities due to urbanization. Traffic congestion causes increased air pollution, travel time and mostly traffic accidents; therefore we need an efficient traffic management system. Today most of the cities of the world have intelligent transport system which is equipped with electronics devices to commun...

Background: One of the main indexes of development is health index or the degree to which a society enjoys health and therapeutic services. The present study was done with the aim to analyze development levels in cities in Tehran regarding health infrastructural index using the standardized score and Morris’ model. Methods: This is a descriptive and pragmatic study which ranks 14 cities in T...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes including obesity has increased over the past few years in Iran. The increase in these diseases has been associated with increased urbanization and lifestyle changes. The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) is increasing in low and middle-income countries. The aim of this report is to address the thre...

Large-scale emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the combustion heavy fuel oils are deteriorating air quality in Tehran. Our analysis long-term SO2 emission data Tehran showed that magnitude local sources is inadequate to reach current levels. Bivariate polar plots, k-mean cluster, pairwise correlation, and potential source contribution function provided evidence impact large-scale transport ...

How does isolation affect the economic activity of cities? Transport costs are widely considered an important barrier to local economic activity but their impact in developing countries is not well-studied. This paper investigates the role of intercity transport costs in determining the income of sub-Saharan African cities. In particular, focusing on fifteen countries whose largest city is a po...

INTRODUCTION We report the incidence, distribution, etiology, and outcome of the urogenital trauma in 8 major cities of Iran according to the database of national trauma project. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2000 and 2004, we prospectively collected the data of all the traumatic patients hospitalized for more than 24 hours in 8 cities (Tehran, Mashad, Ahwaz, Shiraz, Tabriz, Qom, Kermanshah, ...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the obstacles due to a DPSIR model combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process technique. Hence, to prioritize the responses regarding the driving forces, pressures, states and impacts, the hierarchy of the model is established. Evaluations and prioritization of model results of urban transport situation in Tehran have provided a number of necessary issue...