This paper outlines a multi-level theory of interorganizational systems (IOS) that explicitly recognizes the importance of the industry as a macrolevel unit of analysis in addition to the units (enterprises) at the micro-level. The roles of the external environment and the technology-based IOS are also recognized. Theories of intentional agency drawn from the areas of robotics, intelligent soft...

This paper examines the distinctive economic structures that exist in the wine industry in various regions of the world, and it identifies the critical forces driving changes in the structure of this industry. The paper accomplishes these objectives by applying concepts from industrial organization economics, agency theory, and the field of competitive strategy. he economic structure of an indu...

The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, the paper provides a synthesis of the potentialities and limits of the dominant economic literature on vertical contractual relations which essentially focuses on the impact of vertical specialization and vertical integration on competition and customers’ welfare. Second, the paper characterizes the historical evolution of the different degrees o...

There have been major structural changes in the beekeeping industry over the past 25 yr. The U.S. Census of Agriculture surveys indicate that colony inventory declined > 20% between 1982 and 2002, whereas the number of U.S. farms with apiculture enterprises fell > 70%. This decline in farm numbers was not uniform across different sized farms based on colony inventory--nearly 30,000 of the farms...

background: there can be little doubt that the construction is the most hazardous industry in the worldwide. this study was designed to modeling the factors affecting unsafe behavior from the perspective of safety supervisors. methods: the qualitative research was conducted to extract a conceptual model. a structural model was then developed based on a questionnaire survey (n=266) by two stage ...

This paper empirically investigates the impact of consumer characteristics on firms’advertising choice and resultant market structure by exploiting differences in investor clientele across various segments in the US mutual fund industry. I find that firms that sell directly to consumers exhibit a higher advertising elasticity of demand, higher advertising expenditures, and higher market concent...

As increasing importance of symbiosis and cooperation among mobile communication industries, the mobile ecosystem has been especially highlighted in academia and practice. The structure of mobile ecosystem is quite complex and the ecological role of actors is important to understand that structure. In this respect, this study aims to explore structure of mobile ecosystem in the case of Korea us...

Milk proteins play a range of roles which make dairy products and products containing dairy components are valuable. Theses include nutrition, physical functionality and breakdown under controlled condition to produce nutritional, functional or flavour full products. This article reviews the structure of whey protein concequence for dairy industry. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11):79-84...

the literature show evidence that small manufacturing enterprises (smes) are understood as main source of technology development and employment creation. at the same time they are vulnerable to a number of restrictions such as access to finances, skilled labor and public support, while are exposed to high competition and suffer from low survival rate. this research aims to shed lights on the ro...

This paper investigates the impacts of and incentives towards vertical integration or separation between an infrastructure manager and a network operator when downstream services may require the access to multiple networks. We show that returns-to-scale and the intensity of competition in the final markets are key to understanding the impact of vertical integration in this context. We also disc...