In 1982, the US Congress established the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) as the sole appellate court for patent cases. Ostensibly, this court was created to eliminate inconsistencies in the application and interpretation of patent law across federal courts, and thereby mitigate the incentives of patentees and alleged infringers to “forum shop” for a preferred venue. We perform t...

The last 30-50 years of the development economic science were marked by rapid new directions research, and interdisciplinary, which today is increasingly entering social sciences, only strengthened this trend. Behavioral economics, global political economy, experimental engineering, information post-industrial etc. In particular, institutional changes, Covid-19 pandemic war with Russia led to a...

neuroeconomics that has merged from the interaction of neuroscience, economics and psychology, is. promising new approach to understanding human behavior in economic analysis, especially as an selector (that is the fundamental issue is economics). this article illustrate the advantages of neuroeconomics and with focus on methodology of economics and ability of this branch of economic for theori...

A central methodological divide in economics is between “structural” and “reducedform” approaches. This article reviews a recent literature in public economics that combines the advantages of reduced-form strategies – transparent and credible identi…cation –with an important advantage of structural models – the ability to make precise statements about welfare. This recent literature has develop...

The Manchester urban area evolved rapidly in the early 19th century from a series of small towns to a major industrial conurbation with huge material flows and worldwide trade connections. A combination of the availability of nearby coalfields, canals, and free trade, which encouraged entrepreneurial enterprise, made Manchester into the ‘shock’ city of the industrial revolution. Rapid nucleated...

Complexity and complexity economics are relatively new fields of science, both which started at the beginning 1980s. As it had emerged, questions have been raised regarding complexity’s applicability on human-involved systems its predictive powers. Economics has in spotlight recent years within framework complexity, since is one most well-established social sciences. Within this framework, fiel...

We study the problem of testing an expert whose theory has a learnable and predictive parametric representation, as do all standard processes used in Bayesian statistics. We design a test in which the expert is required to submit a date T by which he will have learned enough to deliver sharp predictions about future frequencies. His forecasts are then tested according to a simple hypothesis tes...

Thomas H. Naylor is Professor of Economics and Business Administration a t the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. He is also Director of the Center for Corporate Economics and Strategy at Duke and Managing Director of The Naylor Group, a management consulting group which specializes in strategic planning. He was' the founder of SIMPLAN Systems, Inc., and served as its president for ni...