OBJECTIVE To review the evidence for the use of ketamine in adult emergency medicine for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) and rapid sequence intubation (RSI), as well as to focus on the issues of recovery agitation, combination with propofol for PSA, and the use of ketamine as an induction agent in patients with acute head injury in need of definitive airway management. DATA SOURCES Pu...

This paper explores how delegation can be used as a signal to sustain cooperation. I consider static principal–agent model with two tasks, one resembling coordination game. If there is asymmetric information about the agent’s type, principal high private belief delegate first task signal. also supported by forward induction argument. However, in laboratory setting, this equilibrium chosen only ...

The comparative effectiveness of intrathecal (IT) combination chemotherapy using two agents, methotrexate (MTX) and hydrocortisone (HDC), and three agents, MTX, HDC, and cytosine arabinoside (CA), in treating meningeal leukemia was determined in a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. Following central nervous system (CNS) remission induction the same regimen was used for periodic maintena...

The ideal induction agent for emergency airway management should be rapidly acting, permit optimum intubating conditions, and be devoid of significant side effects. This review was performed to ascertain whether etomidate should be the induction agent of choice for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in the emergency department, specifically examining its pharmacology, haemodynamic profile, and adr...

BACKGROUND Because of its many desirable properties, etomidate is widely used as an induction agent for endotracheal intubation. However, some have recently called into question the safety of etomidate for even single-bolus use due to its known effects on adrenal suppression. OBJECTIVES We sought to compare the in-hospital mortality between septic patients given etomidate and those given alte...

OBJECTIVE To compare the haemodynamic effect of low dose midazolam and etomidate as induction agent in emergency department rapid sequence intubation. METHODS A prospective observational study in two phases. In phase one, midazolam 2-4 mg was used as induction agent and in phase two, etomidate 0.2-0.3 mg/kg was used. The haemodynamic data were recorded before and after intubation for comparis...

BACKGROUND Postoperative shivering (POS) is a common and distressing experience occurring in up to 60% patients postoperatively. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of tramadol in preventing POS when used with two different induction agent, propofol or thiopentone. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-four ASA I and II adult patients, aged between 18-60 years, undergoing g...

A framework for knowledge discovery, knowledge use, and knowledge management is presented in this article to provide knowledge-based access of the domain databases using multi-agent systems approach. This framework encompasses five different agents: namely, knowledge management agent, data filter agent, rule induction agent, dynamic analysis agent, and interface agent. This article suggests an ...

A survey in August 1995 showed that, despite the introduction of topical analgesic creams, approximately 30% of anaesthetists responding used inhalation induction of anaesthesia more frequently than i.v. induction, especially in children less than 3–5 yr of age.9 In this age group, uptake of inhaled agents is particularly rapid. In children therefore, the induction characteristics of the ideal ...