Prejudice against overweight people is rife. However, there is a paucity of research on the underlying reasons for it. In two studies the relationship between body image, the tendency to make physical appearance-related comparisons (PACS), and both explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes was examined. In Study 1 (n = 227) people with a high tendency to make physical appearance-related comparis...

Previous research has shown that fundamentalist religious beliefs and affiliations are associated with conservative gender attitudes. This study expands upon previous research by examining both the individual and contextual effects of conservative Protestantism on gender attitudes. Multilevel analysis of data from the General Social Surveys (1985–96) reveals a significant relationship between t...

End of life decisions, such as physician-assisted suicide (PAS), have continued to be controversial as health care policy, moral, and individual health care issues. This study considers knowledge of end of life options and death attitudes as predictors of attitudes toward PAS. Data were gathered from approximately 300 adults through a mailing sent to a household research panel. Validated measur...

Aggregation operators (AOs) have been studied by many schol- ars. As many AOs are proposed, there is still lacking approach to classify the categories of AO, and to select the appropriate AO within the AO candidates. In this research, each AO can be regarded as a cognitive style or individual dierence. A Cognitive Style and Aggregation Operator (CSAO) model is pro- posed to analyze the mapping ...

Past research has established a relationship between awe and explanatory frameworks, such as religion. We extend this work, showing (a) the effects of awe on a separate source of explanation: attitudes toward science, and (b) how the effects of awe on attitudes toward scientific explanations depend on individual differences in theism. Across 3 studies, we find consistent support that awe decrea...

Recent research in statistical reasoning has focused on the developmental process in students when learning statistical reasoning skills. This study investigates statistical reasoning from the perspective of individual differences. As manifestation of heterogeneity, students’ prior attitudes toward statistics, measured by the extended Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS), are used (Scha...

The Bennington College study was conducted by sociologist Theodore Newcomb from 1935 until 1939. The study examined the attitudes of students attending the then all-female Bennington College early in the college’s history; indeed, the study began during the first year that the college had a senior class. The study is notable not only for the findings it yielded in relation to group influence on...

(i) Attitude reports that people use are very diverse, vastly more so than most current theories of attitude reports acknowledge. We often report on complexes consisting of several connected attitudes, on the ways in which attitudes change over time (using verbs like learn, forget), on the ways in which attitudes are shared between different agents; and sometimes on all of that at once. The the...

Cultural socialization attitudes, beliefs, and parenting behaviors were examined in families with internationally adopted children. The authors hypothesized that parents with lower color-blind racial attitudes would be more likely to engage in enculturation and racialization parenting behaviors because they hold stronger beliefs in the value and importance of cultural socialization. Using data ...