Solar thermal water heating systems have been developed to replace conventional heating. Therefore, the design of a parabolic cylinder collector-type solar unit with coil-shaped heater (absorber) has carried out. The cylindrical collector is made an aluminum plate covered reflective sticker and base insulated, having diameter, height, length, position focal point 150, 60, 200, 22.4 cm, respecti...

Monochloramine disinfection of municipal water supplies is associated with decreased risk for Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonization of hot water systems. Water and biofilm samples from 53 buildings were collected for Legionella cul...

A straightforward framework for identifying key design parameters and determining their values for a site-built integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICSSWH) under uncertainty is developed. The framework is then used to evaluate the design for a ICSSWH, which uses locally available materials and can be assembled by builders without specialized training in solar system construction. I...

New copper plating bath chemisties are being developed to meet the emerging need of plating copper into submicron features on semiconductor wafers. These chemistries are designed to provide a fast, efficient, fill for even the most challenging wafer terrain. It has been found that maintaining the concentration of the additives in these plating baths at certain levels is critical to the performa...

To the Editor, We write to highlight the failure of an intravenous fluid warming device, HOTLINE HL-290 Blood and Fluid Warmer (Smiths Medical International, Kent, UK), which could have resulted in harm to the patient. Fluid warmer failures are becoming more prevalent, as evidenced by the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) issuing a recall of all Level 1 S...

We study relaxational behavior from a highly excited state for a composite system in partial contact with a heat bath, motivated by an experimental report of long-term energy storage in protein molecules. The system consists of two coupled elements: The first element is in direct contact with a heat bath, while the second element interacts only with the first element. Due to this indirect conta...

BACKGROUND Although the therapeutic mechanism of balneotherapy for atopic dermatitis has not been clarified, many atopic patients who visit thermomineral springs have shown clinical improvements. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of thermomineral water balneotherapy on the atopic dermatitis murine model. METHODS The oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis mu...