Dark Matter annihilation (DMA) may yield an excess of gamma rays and antimatter particles, like antiprotons and positrons, above the background from cosmic ray interactions. Several signatures, ranging from the positron excess, as observed by HEAT, AMS-01 and PAMELA, the gamma ray excess, as observed by the EGRET spectrometer, the WMAP-haze, and constraints from antiprotons, as observed by BESS...

Evolution of indirect communication between two embodied agents is the research topic addressed in this thesis. Indirect communication is a niche that should be more common in intelligent robotics as it is essential in most areas where humans are present. Indirect communication is robust and can serve as either a supporting tool or a substitute for other means of communication. Evolutionary app...

How can a constituency continue to receive targeted benefits even without a representative in the legislature? We provide a theoretical model to demonstrate why constituency groups linked to specific candidates would receive politicized government transfers even when the group loses its representative in the legislature. The model also suggests that the amount of transfers a group with a repres...

This paper describes and explains the XIndirect facility, a W3C Note. The XIndirect Note defines a simple mechanism for representing indirect addresses that can be used with other XML-based linking and addressing facilities, such as XLink and XInclude. XIndirect is motivated primarily by the requirements of XML authoring in which the management of pointers among systems of documents under const...

Indirect electron tunneling is observed in germanium diodes by detecting small perturbations in their I-V characteristics at low temperatures that occur when the applied potential equals the energy of emitted phonons. Frequencies of the observed phonons are calculated to a comparable degree of accuracy (±0.3E12 Hz) with neutron scattering data. Electronic differentiation, used to closely inspec...

The assessment of therapeutic compliance is commonly done by either indirect method or direct method. In indirect method, the assessments are done by indirect measurement of parameters such as discussion with patients and pill counts at intervals during the treatment which don’t measure the drug concentration in a matrix such as blood or urine. In direct method, the assessments which rely upon ...

The management of 104 patients complaining of foreign body (FB) in the throat in an accident and emergency (A&E) department was analysed over a period of 7 months. The majority of these patients (88.4%), underwent a soft tissue radiograph of the neck. Less than 10% of the radiographs were thought to be abnormal by the A&E staff. Two thirds of the patients (69.2%) were referred to the ear, nose ...

Determining total energy expenditure (EE) in children under free-living conditions has become of increasingly clinical interest. The aim of this study was to compare three different methods to assess EE triaxial accelerometry (TriTrac-R3D; Professional Products, Division of Reining International, Madison, WI, USA), activity diary and heart-rate (HR) monitoring combined with indirect calorimetry...

The increasingly complex service context with the convergence of physical products, digitalization, and service offerings presents a major challenge for IS research on service innovation. This article addresses the resulting need for research on an adequate understanding of the perceived value of innovative digital services. It continues previous work that makes the first move in this regard—co...

The Revelation Principle depends on a seemingly innocuous assumption that theoretically outcome-equivalent (TOE) direct and indirect mechanisms are behaviorally equivalent as well. However, this strong assertion has not yet been tested in previous experimental studies. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap. We use the first-price sealed-bid auction as our indirect mechanism and construct corre...