Clustering methods are considered as unsupervised learning techniques as there are no predetermined subpopulations. Evaluating the results of clustering algorithms is the main topic of cluster validity. This paper tries to contribute to a better understanding and inference for the distribution, of such a case, of the Rand Index (Rand, 1971) under several conditions. Besides this, a bootstrappin...

The soil roughness at the field level is an easy visually perceptible notion, but difficult to describe numerically. The objective of this paper is to propose a method to establish quantitative and descriptive soil roughness indices. A measurement system was developed using a laptop-computer and a laser cell. The elevation data are measured on the ground along a square array. They are treated w...