We used a robotic device to test the idea that impedance control involves a process of learning or adaptation that is acquired over time and permits the voluntary control of the pattern of stiffness at the hand. The tests were conducted in statics. Subjects were trained over the course of 3 successive days to resist the effects of one of three different kinds of mechanical loads: single axis lo...

Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking are assumed to have significant independent and joint effects on oral cancer (OC) development. This assumption is based on consistent reports from observational studies, which, however, overestimated the independent effects of smoking and drinking, because they did not account for the interaction effect in multivariable analyses. This case-control study soug...

Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) proposed the false discovery rate (FDR) as an alternative to the familywise error rate (FWER) in multiple testing problems. Since then, researchers have been increasingly interested in developing methodologies for controlling the FDR under different model assumptions. In a later paper, Benjamini and Yekutieli (2001) developed a conservative step-up procedure contro...

  Background :Falls have been strongly associated with decreased physical activity and impaired mobility. Reduced range of motion, as a consequence of muscle stiffness, has been indicated to assume a positive relationship to fall incidence. Also clinical observations suggest that maintaining the normal spinal curves is associated with the prevention of spinal, knee and hip disorders. Thus, the ...

Recent findings suggest that a Simon effect (SE) can be induced in Individual go/nogo tasks when responding next to an event-producing object salient enough to provide a reference for the spatial coding of one's own action. However, there is skepticism against referential coding for the joint Simon effect (JSE) by proponents of task co-representation. In the present study, we tested assumptions...

The issue of 2 × 2 × 2 case-control studies is addressed when both exposure and confounding variables are jointly misclassified. Two scenarios are considered: the classification errors of exposure and confounding variables are independent or not independent. The bias-adjusted cell probability estimates which account for the misclassification bias are presented. The effect of misclassification o...

In this paper, we consider series-parallel and parallel-series systems with independent subsystems consisting of dependent homogeneous components whose joint lifetimes are modeled by an Archimedean copula. Then, by considering two such systems with different numbers of components within each subsystem, we establish hazard rate and reversed hazard rate orderings between the two system lifetimes,...

beta-2 adrenoceptors in blood vessels are one of the active factors that play a role in regulation of tissue blood flow. in diabetic angiopathy, responsiveness of these receptors is decreased, while that is increased in inflammation. according to these opposite effects, the aim of this study was to investigate the vasodilatory response of knee joint blood vessels to salbutamol (beta-2 adrenocep...

We examined the patterns of joint kinematics and torques in two kinds of sagittal plane reaching movements. One consisted of movements from a fixed initial position with the arm partially outstretched, to different targets, equidistant from the initial position and located according to the hours of a clock. The other series added movements from different initial positions and directions and >40...