The need for a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of competition has never been more important as plants adapt to changing environment forest management evolves focus on maintaining enhancing complexity. With the recent decline in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) land area, it is critical determine effects its performance against loblolly taeda L.), preferred planted replacement. ...

Precision forestry allows decision-making on tree level or pixel level, as compared to stand-level data. However, little is known about the importance of precision in thinning decisions and its long-term effects within-stand variation, stand economy growth. In this study, silviculture was optimized for Net Present Value (NPV) 20 conifer-dominated forest stands hemi-boreal southern Sweden. The p...

Composition and structure of a three-storied Fagus orientalis-dominated forest was investigated in the Caspian forests, north of Iran. Circular sampling plots of 1000 m2 occupied by advance growth and natural regeneration were randomly chosen where the initial cuttings (with shelterwood aim) were performed. Abundance of species at different growth stages and quality of seedlings and saplings we...

Little is known about the mechanisms that allow the cortex to selectively improve the neural representations of behaviorally important stimuli while ignoring irrelevant stimuli. Diffuse neuromodulatory systems may facilitate cortical plasticity by acting as teachers to mark important stimuli. This study demonstrates that episodic electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis, paired with an aud...

The Fagacées growth model was originally designed for application in the Northern half of France. It is a robust with potential applicability to larger area, though this has not yet been verified. We added new data original parameterization set and our results show that formalism can be generalized. yield management pure even-aged stands European beech served as prototype build models other tre...

The heat increment of feeding (HIF) was investigated in the tawny owl (Strix aluco) in central Norway (631N, 101E), close to the northern limit of its distribution. HIF was measured as the increase in heat production (measured as oxygen consumption) after force-feeding the owls with laboratory mice at thermoneutral conditions (20 1C) and during coldexposure (5 1C and 5 1C). The basal metabolic ...

Flood regime and vegetation flood tolerance interact to influence tree growth in riverine landscapes. We studied tree growth in floodplain and upland forests of theWisconsin River. About a century ago, levees set back from the river were constructed on this floodplain. The levee restricts some floodplain area from overbank flood events, but leaves a portion of active floodplain still inundated ...

The effects of initial spacing layout on some allometric characteristics of 12-year-old Quercus castaneifolia trees grown in Central Mazandaran, north of Iran were examined. Trees were planted in 5 different layouts (1?1, 1.5?1.5, 2?2.5, 2?3 and 4?4 m). Tree height, diameter at breast height, natural pruning height and the survival of trees were recorded in each sample plot. Tree basal area and...

Correlated neuronal activity is believed to play an important role in refining and maintaining cortical circuitry during early development. Here we provide evidence that globally and locally correlated activity mediate different forms of adult plasticity. Pulses of broad-spectrum noise were used to activate time-locked responses across large areas of the rat auditory cortex, globally synchroniz...