We prove a formula for the number of permutations in Sn such that their first n−k entries are increasing and their longest increasing subsequence has length n − k. This formula first appeared as a consequence of character polynomial calculations in the work of Adriano Garsia, [2]. We give an elementary proof of this result and also of its q-analogue. In [2], Adriano Garsia derived as a conseque...

There has been an increasing concern about inactive drivers who would easily lead to road accidents and fatalities once return to driving. This study investigated the re-usability of traffic signs for inactive drivers with consideration of driver factors and cognitive sign features. Fifty-seven Hong Kong Chinese, who possessed a full driving license but had not driven for an extended period, co...

In the traffic flow on the city road network, it is observed that a new additional road, which is constructed for overcoming the traffic jam, causes more terrible traffic jam. This is well known as Braess’s paradox. Recently, it is pointed out that Braess’s paradox depends on the traffic density and the paradox disappears at high traffic density. The aim of this study is to describe the algorit...

Traditionally, Internet service providers provide the same level of service (the so-called "best-effort" service) to all kinds of network traffic. For traditional non-real-time Internet traffic such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) data, the best-effort service has not been a problem. However, the result of today's tremendous growth of Internet not only involves traffic increasing in volume, but...

Nowadays, huge efforts are made to modernize the air traffic management systems to cope with uncertainty, complexity and sub-optimality. An answer is to enhance the information sharing between the stakeholders. This paper introduces a framework that bridges the gap between air traffic management and air traffic control on the one hand, and bridges the gap between the ground, the approach and th...

Network traffic anomalies stand for a large fraction of the Internet traffic and compromise the performance of the network resources. Detecting and diagnosing these threats is a laborious and time consuming task that network operators face daily. During the last decade researchers have concentrated their efforts on this problem and proposed several tools to automate this task. Thereby, recent a...

A major problem with current Internet traffic monitoring and analysis concerns the large number of newly emerging network-based applications possessing more complicated communication structures and traffic patterns than traditional applications. The amount of traffic generated by these applications, such as peer-to-peer (P2P), streaming media, games, etc., is reported to be well over half of th...