نتایج جستجو برای: increasing incomes
تعداد نتایج: 497021 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
BACKGROUND Specialty, work effort, and gender have been shown to be associated with physicians' annual incomes; however, careful examination of the association between provider gender and annual income after correcting for other factors likely to influence income has not been conducted for anesthesiologists. METHODS Survey responses collected throughout the 1990s from 819 actively practicing ...
We examine the effects of reference income on the behavior of young male physicians. Using a unique panel of data, we relate each physician’s reference and actual incomes to their subsequent income growth. Reference income has a strong positive effect on subsequent income for physicians who are below their reference points, but not for physicians who are at or above their reference points. Loss...
During the twentieth century, most developed countries have adopted extensive government-managed income support programs for low-income families and individuals. For example, the United Stated launched income support programs such as Social Security for the old, unemployment compensation for those who lose their jobs, and Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) for low-income families d...
Competitive equilibrium fromequal incomes (CEEI) is awell-known rule for fair allocation of resources among agents with different preferences. It has many advantages, among them is the fact that a CEEI allocation is both Pareto efficient and envy-free. However, when the resources are indivisible, a CEEI allocation might not exist even when there are two agents and a single item. In contrast to ...
The demand inducement hypothesis predicts that physicians will respond to reductions in their income by increasing the volume of their services when the income effect is strong and negative. I test for such inducement in the market for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), using a longitudinal panel of physicians in New York and Washington states. The results show that physicians whose income...
The global food supply system is facing serious new challenges from economic and related crises and climate change, which directly affect the nutritional well-being of the poor by reducing their access to nutritious food. To cope, vulnerable populations prioritize consumption of calorie-rich but nutrient-poor food. Consequently, dietary quality and eventually quantity decline, increasing micron...
KEY FINDINGS: This Policy Synthesis examines the evidence on changes in household income and consumption to understand the apparent paradox of improving child nutrition indicators during a period of extreme and increasing poverty and vulnerability among the poorest households. While households in the three poorest categories demonstrated lower total incomes compared to the poorest categories in...
The HIV epidemic has dramatically decreased labor supply among prime-age adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using within-country variation in regional HIV prevalence and a synthetic panel, I find that HIV significantly increases the capital-labor ratio in urban manufacturing firms. The impact of HIV on average wages is positive but imprecisely estimated. In contrast, HIV has a large positive impact ...
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