adjudication independence can be studied in two areas namely independency of judicial power and independency of judge. the first one is based on the separation of powers theory but judge independence means its freedom from parties and their attorneys and its independence in intern of judiciary power. this sense of independence has two objectives: 1) judge's freedom in applying the law to f...

ABSTRACT In this paper, we treat output as a decision variable. Moreover, we employ a general form of basis risk. Furthermore, we relax the statistical-independence assumption between the spot price and basis risk.

In the specification of group-based models trajectory models, the followingassumption is made. Conditional upon an individual following a given trajectory, theindividual’s outcomes over successive periods are assumed to be independent. Thisassumption is a strong one, and it is made specifically in order to make the models moretractable. However, there has been no work done to in...

We incorporate structural modelers into the economy they model. Using traditional moment matching, treat policy changes as zero probability (or exogenous) “counterfactuals.” Bias occurs since real-world agents understand are positive events guided by modelers. Downward, upward, or sign bias occurs. is illustrated calibrating Leland model to 2017 tax cut. The identifying assumption, constant par...

Chesneau et al.(2020) considered the distributions of sum and differences two independent identically distributed random variables with common Lindley distribution. They derived, very nicely, above mentioned provided certain important mathematical statistical properties as well simulations applications new distributions. In this short note, we like to show that assumption ”independence” can be r...

the purpose of present paper was to examine the relationship between central bank independence and inflation rate in iran over 1960-2008. first, central bank independence has been accomplished through three indices including legal and real cbi indices and turnover rate of central bank governor index. then, augmented dickey-fuller test for model stationary of variables has been done by applying ...

Woller A and Gonze D (2013) The bird circadian clock: insights from a computational model. J Biol Rhythms 28(6):390-402. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0748730413512454).