Background and purpose: In 1978, the Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution was signed between the countries of the region. Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar are exporting their petroleum from this semi-enclosed sea. According to the convention signatory countries pledged to take all necessary actions to...

The volatility of oil revenues in rentier countries, due to the large share of oil revenue in their economies, affects many variables. Oil revenues can also affect social behavior and culture. Therefore, social capital, as the result of social networks and institutions, can be directly and indirectly affected by oil rents. The review of economic literature suggests that oil revenues could poten...

‏‎the hypothesis is that recent and frequent exposure to lexical items leads to a more fluent production of speech in terms of rate of speech. to test the hypothesis , a one- way anova experimental design was carried out. 24 senior student of efl participated in a one-way interview test. data analyses revealed that those who were exposed frequently to the lexical items over a week prior to inte...

this study tried to explore disciplinary variations of web blurbs across soft and hard knowledge fields on the one hand, and to illustrate how academic publishers exploit interactional metadiscourse devices in move structure of their blurbs on the other.

today, scouring is one of the important topics in the river and coastal engineering so that the most destruction in the bridges is occurred due to this phenomenon. whereas the bridges are assumed as the most important connecting structures in the communications roads in the country and their importance is doubled while floodwater, thus exact design and maintenance thereof is very crucial. f...

while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

this study examines the impact of oil price shocks on the employment of selected oil-exporting and oil-importing countries. To this end, the annual data for the period 2000-2014 and the econometric models of Christiano and Fitzgerald Filter, Bakstr-King Filter have been used to calculate the oil price shocks and the panel data model is used to estimate the model and data analysis. The results o...

any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

the purpose of the present study is to find out whether bilinguals of khuzestan-arab origin or monolinguals of iranian origin code-switch during learning or speaking english and which group is more susceptible to code-switch. to this end, the students of 24 classes from high schools and pre- university centers were screened out, and interviewed and their voices and code-switchings were recorded...