Theories of international outsourcing predict rises in firms’ innovation rates mediated through lower wages per worker. Consistent with the predictions of Glass and Saggi (2001), we find a tradeoff between wages and innovation. However, we do not find that the proportion of internationally outsourced service inputs reduces but rather increases a firm’s wage per worker, a result most likely driv...

This paper presents an approach to identifying a domain word POS(Part of Speech) and idiom code identifiers written in Java programming language. To detect them, we extracted common identifiers from 14 Java API documents, and applied diverse filters. In addition, NLP (Natural Language Parser) has been used to detect common mistakes in the Java API documents. As a result, this paper identified 8...

The software development process produces a diverse collection of documents ranging from requirements speciications to architecture diagrams to program source code to bug reports. Some are written in formal languages, but others, while highly structured, are written in natural language. The content of these documents is interconnected in complex ways. For instance, a change report might describ...

The student movement was a central element in the resistance to Europe's longest dictatorship 20th century,and had expression all academies, including at University of Porto. present work seeks reconstruct theaction, albeit partially, students Faculty Medicine Porto, between 1969 and 1974. For this purpose, written documents produced by representative structuresare analyzed. There is great inte...

Considering innovation as the result of only spontaneous activities is a simplistic vision, because working out inspiration and reaching up to innovation need awareness and knowledge about the application domain and its problems. In this paper, we address the issue of knowledge representation, access and sharing in an enterprise context, by proposing an ontology-based framework (DocOnto) for th...

During several millenia, blacks in ancient Egypt made numerous contributions to medicine and were acknowledged as the inventors of the art of medicine. They produced the earliest physicians, medical knowledge, and medical literature. They contributed to the development of medicine in ancient Greece. Ancient writers, including Herodotus, Isocrates, and Diodorus, affirm this. Modern presentations...