We consider whether small-amplitude topography in a two-dimensional ocean may contain internal wave attractors. These are closed orbits formed by the characteristics (or wave beam paths) of the linear, inviscid, steady-state Boussinesq equations, and their existence may imply enhanced scattering and energy decay for the internal tide when dissipation is present. We develop a numerical code to d...

The power spectrum S of linear transects of the earth's topography is often observed to be a power-law function of wave number k with exponent close to ?2: S(k) / k ?2. In addition, river networks are fractal trees that satisfy several power-law relationships between their morphologic components. A model equation for the evolution of the earth's topography by erosional processes which produces ...

Methods: We conducted a review of our initial 42 (19 with 6-month follow up) consecutive DSAEK surgeries using ASF tissue compared with 357 (199 with 6-month follow up) time-matched controls using standard tissue. Intraoperative and perioperative complications, including dislocations and primary graft failures, were compared. Six-month best spectacle-corrected vision, incidence of rejection epi...

Abstract Improving the tactile aesthetics of products that can be described as touch intensive is an increasing priority within many sectors, including furniture industry. Understanding which physical characteristics contribute to haptic experience a surface, and how, therefore highly topical. It has earlier been shown both friction topography affect perception. Thus, two series stimuli have pr...

Abstract. Prediction of mean annual runoff is great interest but still poses a challenge in ungauged basins. The present work diagnoses the prediction affected by uncertainty estimated distribution soil water storage capacity. Based on function, balance model for estimating developed, which effects climate variability and capacity are explicitly represented. As such, two parameters have explici...

Moiré topography has the advantage of requiring only a single image to obtain a three-dimensional measurement, but it cannot discern the fringe order. Because there is an ambiguity problem when calculating the depth range by use of fringe intensity or phase unwrapping, it is impossible to obtain an absolute phase and an absolute depth range. It is therefore difficult to discern the relation bet...

Community Health Status Indicators Project " (1) is a fascinating article that describes how county-level poverty data were created into maps. Although appropriate for review by my students, the article raises the issue of how to explain such maps to elected officials. I have a hard enough time understanding the math, and I doubt whether one in a thousand elected officials could understand the ...

A viscous flow model of a subduction zone is used to calculate the near-trench deformation and topography of the overriding plate in response to tectonic and buoyancy forces. The tectonic force, which is associated with global plate motion, arises from subduction of a cold oceanic lithosphere that shears the overriding lithosphere along the contact between the two plates. The buoyancy force ari...

Many studies have examined the effects of surface topography on the settlement behaviour of marine organisms and this article reviews these investigations with more emphasis on the effects of topography scale. It has been observed that macro topographies (1-100 mm) are generally favoured by marine fouling taxa and are unsuitable for antifouling applications. This is because macro topographies a...

1. QUANTIFYING SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY DIFFERENCES USING CCFmax AND Ds Topography measurements play an important role in surface and nano-metrology, production quality control, tribology, bio-technology and forensic science [1]. Dozens of surface parameters are specified in national and international standards [2, 3]. Although none of these are designed for topography comparisons, statistical method...