A travelogue is an important medium that provides a portrayal of society because it records the reality travellers experience when exploring location. The purpose this study to conduct preliminary review pertaining pandemic in Mecca was recorded Persian entitled Safarnamah-ʼi Mirza Husayn Farahani: Qasqazih, ʻUthmani, Makkah, 1302–1303 Hijri Qamari or English translated as Shiite Pilgrimage...

Pembelajaran efektif yang Islami adalah pembelajaran mendasarkan konsepsinya pada ajaran tauhid, dengan berorientasi tujuan akhir pendidikan Islam, yaitu mewujudkan manusia sebagai khalifatullah dan ‘abdullah di bumi. Dengan dasar ini, maka orientasi diarahkan upaya mensucikan diri memberikan penerangan jiwa, sehingga setiap mampu meningkatkan dirinya dari tingkatan iman ke tingkat ihsan meland...

according adhar bigdili, muhammad ali was son of abdal biq naqqashbashi (painter laureate)and grandson of aliquli biq jabadar, court painter of shah safi and shah abbas ii safawi. adhar bigdili credited muhammad ali with naqqashbashi of shah tahmasp ii safawi and nadir shah afshar. having learnt the art of painting from his father, muhamma ali in turn trained ali ashraf, who worked under patron...

Madagascar is the world’s fourth largest island and is recognised as one of of the world’s top ten hotspots for biodiversity. Separated from Africa for 160 million years, it is home to between around 12,000 plant species of which nearly 10,000 are thought to be unique to the island. And much of its fauna is of great interest too, no more so than its lemurs, the primate family of major interest ...

one of the tragic consequences of the great wars is the spread of epi-demics. at the end of the first world war, flu spread in europe and soon spread in many parts of the world including iran. this event was accompanied by loss of many people in shiraz. in two notes remained from that time, one belongs to a liberal  and the other one belongs to one of the most famous physicians of shiraz, the o...

throughout the history, there have been deep cultural as well as scientic connections between iran and india. in medieval period, many persian physicians immigrated to india mainly because of political and social reasons. a good example of this was mirza mohammad hashem alavi khan shirazi who belonged to shiraz medical doctrine. he was born in shiraz, but immigrated to india and was in the cou...