In this paper, surface and piezoelectric effects on the vibration behavior of nanowires (NWs) are investigated by using a Timoshenko beam model. The electric field equations and the governing equations of motion for the piezoelectric NWs are derived with the consideration of surface effects. By the exact solution of the governing equations, an expression for the natural frequencies of NWs with ...

With up to 400 million affected people worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health care problem. During the last decade, several novel therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated. In most regions of the world, interferon-α (IFN-α), and nucleos(t)ide analogues are currently approved. Despite major improvements, none of the existing therapies is optim...

There is great interest worldwide in discovering and developing a permanent source of tissues which would be capable of generating any cell type and which would avoid the problem of transplant rejection. Stem cells are cells that can specialize into the many different cells found in the human body. The ethical objections concerning stem cells have focused primarily on their source. Human embry...

The immunologic defense mechanism is well demon­trated in neoplasia of animals and human. Spontaneous regression of many human tumors such as malignant melanomas, 1vmphosarcomas, neuroblastomas choriocar­cinomas, adenocarcinomas and leukemias is due to the defense mechanism of lymphoretrcular system. The discovery of carcinoembrvonicantigen in carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract and the alpha-f...

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2020年8月，脳死判定に関する国際コンセンサスが発表された。本稿では，小児，教育，記録，宗教，法律に関する事項について本邦の現状と対比して概説する。小児の問題点は，国際コンセンサスでは新生児も脳死/神経学的基準による死（brain death/death by neurologic criteria, BD/DNC）判定の適応になるが，本邦では生後12週以降でないと適応とならないことにある。教育の問題点は，判定医に対する教育体制が整っていないこと，また，医療者と一般市民のそれぞれに，脳死や臓器移植に関する教育が施されていないことにある。記録に関しては，補助検査に関する記載も必要であり，国際コンセンサスを参考に作成したチェックリストを紹介する。宗教の観点からは，多様な背景・考え方を理解して患者と家族を支援する必要がある。国際コンセンサスと本邦の現状を比較した際に，最も大きな問題点はB...