Not long ago, city gates and entryways had high spatial value and were among the landmarks for marking city boundaries. Today with cities having been expanded and developed, such aspect of the entrance concept is lost and entryways are turned to passages for transportation. In fact, the rich spatial value of such entrances has decreased as they are solely spaces for passing through out or into ...

the rapid and sprawl development city in recent decades has created many problems for cities and causing instability in urban environments. the late twentieth century these problems caused a revision in urban planning models and introduction of new models such as the infill development. studies show that third world countries like iran are faced with sprawl development model and should take the...

We measured serum leptin levels in two groupings of wild male baboons, one with access to abundant quantities of food from gardens and garbage dumps near human habitations (Garbage; n = 11) and one without access (No Garbage; n = 10). A Garbage subgroup had high leptin levels (Garbage HL), whereas the rest of the Garbage group had low leptin levels (Garbage LL) similar to those in the No Garbag...

A survey of container-breeding mosquitoes was conducted on urban islands (Big Coppitt Key, Rockland Key, Key West, and Stock Island) and rural islands (Big Pine Key, Cudjoe Key, Little Torch Key, No Name Key, Ramrod Key, Saddlebunch Keys, Sugarloaf Key, and Summerland Key) within the Florida Keys. Five mosquito species were collected: Aedes aegypti, Culex nigripalpus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. ...

This paper presents the ergonomic aspects in designing and prototyping of desks cum chairs used in elementary schools. The procedures adopted for the assessment includedthe study of existing school furniture, design analysis and development of prototypes. The design approach proposed a series of adjustable desks and chairs developed in terms of ergonomic concepts. In the development stage, the ...

In this era of nanometer semiconductor nodes, the transistor scaling and voltage are not any longer in line with each other, leading to failure Dennard scaling. Thus, it poses a severe design challenge. Reversible computing plays vital role applications like low power CMOS, nanotechnology, quantum computing, optical digital signal processing, cryptography, computer graphics andmany more. The pr...

This article presents a study on the perception of fear related to the use of three different types of urban furniture, qualitatively evaluated based on interviews while people were using them in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil: the bus shelter, the playground, and the gymnastic equipment. The fear related to the lack of safety of the urban space was associated with the use of the three types ...

1-      introduction the increasing growth of urbanization in recent decade and occurring most of the economic and social activities of human being in urban environments cause that the city is considered as a place a citizen spends much time and it is one of the effective and important places in which the majority of memories, experiences, emotions are formed. thus, cities play important role i...